Pak J Med Sci
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There is a cross-link of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with each other's receptors. The present study was carried out to explore the relationship of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the occurrence and development of breast cancer by analyzing the expression of IGF-1R and Ki-67, as well as the biological characteristics in breast cancer patients with and without diabetes mellitus. ⋯ T2DM may be one of the risk factors affecting the occurrence, development and prognosis of breast cancer, which may decrease the 5-year survival of breast cancer patients. Besides, high expressions of IGF-1R and Ki-67 may be the key factors for poor prognosis of breast cancer patients with diabetes mellitus.
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To assess the learning impact of e-curriculums on healthcare professionals (HCPs). The second objective was to report the screening, detection and clinical features of patients with obstructive lung diseases (OLD) through an integrated care program at The Indus Hospital & Health Network (IHHN), Karachi, Pakistan. ⋯ The OLD program uses capacity building, gold standard diagnostics and updated management strategies in primary care, allowing earlier diagnosis of suspected patients and implementation of evidence-based interventions, aiming to improve their morbidity and mortality.
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Lemierre's Syndrome (LS) is a rare syndrome most frequently due to an anaerobic organism, Fusobacterium Necrophorum. It is commonly a complication of an acute oropharyngeal infection, but there are exceptions to its presentations. In our case the cause of LS was otitis media caused by Streptococcus species. ⋯ After the diagnosis, treatment involved using broad spectrum antibiotics and anticoagulants, followed by surgery. Though role of anticoagulants is controversial in LS, but there is no specific guideline contraindicating the use of anti-coagulants. In our case, timely diagnosis and management enabled us to discharge the patient without any symptoms.
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To determine the stability of respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2 PCR at standard laboratory ultra-freezer temperatures (-80°C). ⋯ SARS-CoV-2 positive respiratory specimens for PCR can be stored for up to six months at -70°C or below without loss of sample integrity, though there is some loss of PCR-detected viral targets as evidenced by an immediate increased in the PCR-generated Ct values. In addition, samples with initial Ct values above 30 are more likely to give non-reproducible results.
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To compare the levels of cortisol in patients of vasovagal syncope (VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). ⋯ It is concluded from the study that cortisol responses of VVS and POTS were positive.