Pak J Med Sci
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Masseter spasm after induction of anaesthesia can be generally defined as a marked difficulty in manual mouth opening that interferes and impedes direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without the presence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several factors have been implicated in the literatures responsible for causing masseter spasm including use of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and anxiety. ⋯ Anaesthesiologist should be aware of this complication when dealing with anxious patients on antidepressant therapy during induction of anaesthesia. Masseter spasm with locked jaw, can be a potential life-threatening situation particularly in scenarios of "cannot- ventilate-cannot intubate".
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Burden of congenital and hereditary anomalies in the population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
This study was aimed to elucidate the prevalence-pattern of congenital and hereditary anomalies (CA) in the population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), which is a logistically difficult area in the north-east of Pakistan and in the foot-hills of Himalayas. ⋯ Majority of the anomalies observed in this cohort are of severe nature rendering high morbidity burden on the population and require early detection, intervention and management.
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To explore teacher's perspectives regarding co-teaching classes. ⋯ Teachers described their experience of co-teaching as productive, pleasant, and enriching. The professional growth of teachers is fostered through co-teaching. Collaborative harmony develops among co-teachers. Teacher's satisfaction also increases by comprehensive knowledge transfer. Although some challenges were faced by teachers in co-teaching classes. The most common challenge of co-teaching was time management. Dominating nature or irresponsible teachers was also a challenge to deal with.
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To examine the expression of circular ribonucleic acid (circRNA) in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE) prior to the onset of the disease. ⋯ CircRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes and regulatory network related to the pathogenesis of PE.
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To assess the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) in combination with conventional physical therapy compared to conventional physical therapy alone following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. ⋯ Both groups are effective for improving knee pain, and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, MET Group along with conventional therapy showed marked effects on improving knee pain, knee flexion ROM, and functional limitations after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis patients.