Pak J Med Sci
-
Chiari I Malformation-associated syringomyelia (CM) and idiopathic syringomyelia (IS) are often confused together. They require different diagnostic approach and treatment modalities; it is important to distinguish between the two. We aimed to evaluate the radiological and morphologic characteristics of CM and IS in adult and pediatric patients in Pakistani population. ⋯ In the Pakistani population, this study focuses on the radiological characteristics of idiopathic syringomyelia (IS) and Chiari I Malformation (CM), both of which commonly exhibit a moniliform syrinx. The craniocervical junction was frequently involved in CM, but IS exhibited a wider, bigger syrinx. Accurate diagnosis as well as treatment depend on imaging.
-
Burden of congenital and hereditary anomalies in the population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
This study was aimed to elucidate the prevalence-pattern of congenital and hereditary anomalies (CA) in the population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), which is a logistically difficult area in the north-east of Pakistan and in the foot-hills of Himalayas. ⋯ Majority of the anomalies observed in this cohort are of severe nature rendering high morbidity burden on the population and require early detection, intervention and management.
-
Masseter spasm after induction of anaesthesia can be generally defined as a marked difficulty in manual mouth opening that interferes and impedes direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without the presence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several factors have been implicated in the literatures responsible for causing masseter spasm including use of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and anxiety. ⋯ Anaesthesiologist should be aware of this complication when dealing with anxious patients on antidepressant therapy during induction of anaesthesia. Masseter spasm with locked jaw, can be a potential life-threatening situation particularly in scenarios of "cannot- ventilate-cannot intubate".
-
To explore teacher's perspectives regarding co-teaching classes. ⋯ Teachers described their experience of co-teaching as productive, pleasant, and enriching. The professional growth of teachers is fostered through co-teaching. Collaborative harmony develops among co-teachers. Teacher's satisfaction also increases by comprehensive knowledge transfer. Although some challenges were faced by teachers in co-teaching classes. The most common challenge of co-teaching was time management. Dominating nature or irresponsible teachers was also a challenge to deal with.
-
Obturator hernia is a rare clinical condition, mainly affecting the elderly and frail patients. It is often challenging to diagnose, and carries a significant morbidity and mortality risk. We aim to highlight the importance of timely and adequate diagnosis followed by early intervention that can be done as open or laparoscopic. ⋯ We discuss the role of CT scanning in diagnosis, the necessity of prompt surgical management, and the possibility of open and laparoscopic approaches through a literature review. The choice between open and laparoscopic approaches should be individualized, considering the patient's clinical status and the potential risks and benefits of each technique. Further research comparing the long-term results of open versus laparoscopic repair in incarcerated obturator hernia is something to be explored in the efforts of achieving the highest standards of patient care and maximizing the chances for an optimal treatment outcome.