Pak J Med Sci
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To compare surgical complications and maternal and neonatal outcomes of low-risk, late preterm and term pregnant women who have had one or two previous cesarean sections (CSs) with those who have had three or more CSs. ⋯ Although the increase in the number of CSs appears to be associated with intraperitoneal adhesions and placenta previa, adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were not observed in those women with low-risk pregnancies who underwent CS for the fourth or fifth time. Therefore, fourth and fifth CSs may be considered relatively safe surgical procedures in this cohort.
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Neonatal septicemia is responsible for 1.5 to 2.0 million deaths/year in the under developed countries of the world. Pakistan is number three among these countries and accounts for 7% of global neonatal deaths. The objective of the study was to determine the role of simple hematological parameter, immature to total neutrophil ratio (I/T ratio) in diagnosing early onset neonatal bacterial infection. ⋯ I/T ratio is a useful tool for early onset sepsis (EOS) with reasonable specificity but cannot be relied upon as sole indicator. Combination of normal immature to total neutrophil Ratio with negative CRP values in neonates with presumed sepsis is an indicator of non-infected neonate which comprised 78.8% of our study population.
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To determine 3rd generation cephalosporin resistance in patients with community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) using early response assessment. ⋯ Cephalosporin resistance was present in 16.2% of study patients with community-acquired SBP. Mortality in SBP patients is associated with advanced stage of liver disease.
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To determine frequency of electrolyte imbalance including sodium, chloride, potassium and magnesium levels present in patients with uncontrolled diabetes at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. ⋯ Electrolyte imbalance is markedly present in patients with uncontrolled blood sugars therefore serum electrolytes should be routinely measured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum fasting blood glucose can be used as a predictor for electrolytes.
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Thyroid nodules (TNs) are abnormal growths of thyroid cells that form masses within the thyroid gland. TNs are common, and the importance lies in need to exclude thyroid cancer. This study was intended to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions in comparison with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA cytology). ⋯ B-mode ultrasonography is a valuable tool in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions. It can almost always predict the benign nature of thyroid lesions with excellent diagnostic accuracy.