Pak J Med Sci
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To determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and breast cancer. ⋯ Findings of our study conclude that vitamin D deficiency is associated with risk of breast cancer.
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Fractures of the distal radius are common with a variable prognosis in case of intra articular extension. The available options include Plaster, External fixation, Prefabricated Splintage using Ligamentotaxis, K-wire fixation, and open reduction internal fixation with T-plate without an as yet clear advantage of one over the others. If these fractures are allowed to collapse, radial shortening, angulation and articular incongruity may cause permanent deformity and loss of function. This limited small scale study was intended to compare the functional results of treatment of these fractures with a T plate and K-wires. ⋯ Percutaneous Kirschner's wires appeared to be more effective as compared to T-Plate fixation in terms of functional outcome for treating intra-articular distal radius fractures.
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To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its association with hypertension and other diabetic complications among Type-2 diabetic patients attending at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. ⋯ The prevalence of the microalbuminuria in our patients with Type-2 diabetes is 31.56% and is not only an early sign of diabetic nephropathy but also a host of other diabetic complications and should be dealt early with strict control of their hyperglycemia and hypertension to help prevent the future complications.
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Thyroid nodules are very common in our setup and their diagnosis on fine needle aspiration is not easy and is a taxing affair. It is a challenge to differentiate between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma without histology. Our objective was to investigate the role of Galectin-3 in fine needle aspirates of thyroid nodules as a prospective diagnostic marker and consequently its ability to differentiate benign from malignant neoplasms. ⋯ Galectin-3immunomarker is considerably expressed in malignant tumors, but it is not expressed in benign follicular lesions.
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To analyze the therapeutic effect of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in combination with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) therapy on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). ⋯ Both methods effectively treated NRDS, but PS in combination with NCPAP better improved oxygenation, reduced mortality and incidence of complications.