Rev Assoc Med Bras
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects on mother and fetus of epidural and combined spinal-epidural techniques for labor analgesia.
Epidural (EA) and combined spinal-epidural (CSE) techniques have both been utilized for labor analgesia. This study compared the effects on the mother and newborn of these techniques in labor analgesia and anesthesia. ⋯ EA and CSE analgesia relieved maternal pain during obstetric analgesia, but CSE mothers had pruritus and a longer labor. Newborns of mothers who received epidural analgesia showed the best NACS.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
[Use of forced-air to prevent intraoperative hypothermia].
Hypothermia is a life-threatening event during the perioperative period. No consensus has been reached about the best active warming approach for such cases. Furthermore there is no consensus on the most appropriate time to warm a hypothermic patient. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a forced-air blanket to warm patients at 38 degrees C before and during surgery. Following utilization of the forced-air blanket, adverse effects were evaluated. ⋯ The forced-air blanket is effective to prevent intraoperative hypothermia when applied for a period ranging from 30 min before anesthetic induction to 120 min after anesthetic induction. In the conditions of this study, adverse effects were not observed.
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Comparative Study
[APACHE II and ATN-ISS in acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU].
Acute renal failure (ARF) remains highly prevalent with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. ⋯ It was concluded that the APACHE II and ATN-ISS scores could be used for stratification of risk in patients with ARF treated outside of the ICU in Brazil.
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The prevalence of chronic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is higher in black patients. The reason for this finding is still unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the micro and macrovascular risk factor profile of type 2 DM patients without advanced diabetic nephropathy according to ethnicity. ⋯ There were no differences in the prevalence of the classic micro and macrovascular risk factors between ethnic groups. The study of non-conventional risk factors and genetic factors is essential to understand determinants of the worst outcomes presented by the African-Brazilian population.
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Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, despite its infrequent occurrence, demands special preventive care. Decreased oesophageal sphincter function and protective airway reflexes caused by depression of consciousness, predispose patients to this severe complication. Recently developed preoperative fasting guidelines suggest shorter fasting periods, especially for liquids, providing more comfort to patients and less risk of hypoglycemia and dehydration, without increasing incidence of perioperative pulmonary aspiration. ⋯ Tracheal intubation after rapid sequence induction of anesthesia is indicated for patients at risk of gastric content aspiration without suspicion of difficult intubation. Adequate indication of the technique, its judicious application and rational use of available drugs may promote excellent intubation conditions, with fast onset, early return to consciousness and spontaneous breathing should tracheal intubation fail. This review intends to discuss methods recently used to control volume and pH of the gastric content, protect the airways during the intubation maneuver and to decrease the gastroesophageal reflux.