Turk J Med Sci
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease with multiple genetic and a variety of environmental risk factors. Although current drugs significantly aid in controlling the disease, many people have led to the application of complementary therapies due to the common belief that they are natural and safe, as well as due to the consideration of the side effect of current drugs. ⋯ In addition, the lack of complete and controlled long-term studies with the use of these complementary medicines regarding drug metabolism pose additional risk and unsafety. Thus, this review aims to give an overview of the potential interactions of drug-metabolizing enzymes with the complementary botanical medicines used in UC, drawing attention to possible adverse effects.
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Neonatal brain injury is a significant reason of neurodevelopmental abnormalities and long-term neurological impairments. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and preterm brain injury, including intraventricular hemorrhage are the most common grounds of brain injury for full-term and preterm neonates. The prevalence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy varies globally, ranging from 1 to 3.5/1000 live births in high-resource countries and 26/1000 in low-resource countries. ⋯ Neonates generally have biochemical iron inequalities, and their antioxidant potential is highly restricted, implying that ferroptosis may be significant in pathologic conditions. Moreover, inhaled nitric oxide therapy in infants may lead to microglial inflammation via ferroptosis and neuronal injury in the developing brain. This review article aims to summarize the studies that investigated the association between neonatal brain injury and iron metabolism, with a particular emphasis on the microglial activity and its application to the inhibition of neonatal brain injury.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shares some clinical features with new-onset granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or GPA flare that may lead to a challenge in differential diagnosis. To date, little is known whether GPA can be induced by COVID-19. Herein, we aimed to seek the frequency and mortality rates of COVID-19 in our GPA cohort, and along with the literature cases, to evaluate clinical features and treatments of GPA patients with COVID-19. We also tried to identify clinical features of COVID-19 induced GPA. ⋯ In our GPA cohort, we observed a higher mortality rate compared to global WHO data. In patients followed up with GPA, rituximab treatment may be precarious for both COVID-19 disease and reinfection. Our study also provided some clues about the diagnostic challenge of GPA induced by COVID-19.
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Biliary fistula is one of the most important complications in liver transplantation. Complications can vary from simple local peritonitis to death, and various techniques have been described to prevent them. In this study, we compared two different stenting methods used in biliary tract anastomosis in living-donor liver transplantation. ⋯ Our study did not show the effect of stenting methods used during biliary anastomosis on the development of complications. However, larger randomized controlled studies are needed.
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Review
Evidence-based information about intermittent fasting in diabetes patients: useful or harmful?
One of the most important components of treatment for diabetic patients is diet and healthy nutrition therapy. Calorie restriction is effective and without cost increases its appeal for both patients and physicians. Unfortunately, continuous calorie restriction is a difficult method. For this reason, alternative calorie restriction methods, such as intermittent fasting (IF), have been investigated by some researchers. ⋯ It is necessary to show which IF regimen is safe and effective, how often and for how long, for diabetic patients. This seems possible with well-designed randomized controlled trials focusing on long-term clinical outcomes and eliminating confounding factors. This will make the answer clearer.