Respiratory care
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Although prior studies have established the association of asthma with smoking and obesity, literature on difference-in-differences analyses involving sexual identity is sparse. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the between and within sexual identity-group differences in asthma prevalence among individuals who smoke and are obese. ⋯ Smoking and obesity show heightened odds for asthma, with significant odds for sexual minorities in asthma diagnosis relative to heterosexuals. These findings provide formative information for future longitudinal and experimental studies to explore these mechanisms of asthma risks among sexual and gender minorities.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients After COPD Exacerbation.
The aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients after exacerbations of COPD and to explore the initiation timing of pulmonary rehabilitation. ⋯ Pulmonary rehabilitation showed short-term effects for subjects with exacerbations of COPD even if initiated within 1 week; however, further study is required to determine its long-term effects.
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Successful extubation is difficult to predict. Ultrasound measurement of the diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) might help predict weaning failure after cardiothoracic surgery. ⋯ U1111-1180-1999.
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Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) facilitates management of acute respiratory failure without intubation. Many pediatric patients cannot tolerate the discomfort associated with noninvasive support and require sedation with agents that may decrease respiratory drive. Dexmedetomidine does not decrease respiratory drive, and we hypothesized that its use would increase tolerance of noninvasive respiratory support without increasing risk for intubation. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine may allow tolerance of NIV in acute respiratory failure without increasing risk for intubation, especially in preschool age patients and those with DD or ID. A larger study involving multiple centers would help support our conclusions.
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A recently introduced open oxygen mask design was marketed in 2021 (open mask A). The manufacturer claims that the mask "…provides one solution for all your oxygen delivery needs across your patients' continuum of care." The new oxygen mask specifies flow (1-15 L/min and flush) with an expected FIO2 from 0.25-0.85. This suggests that this mask eliminates the need for multiple oxygen delivery devices as FIO2 requirements change. This study aimed to describe the FIO2 performance of the new open oxygen mask and other commonly used oxygen masks. ⋯ The performance of each oxygen mask from highest to lowest FIO2 : non-rebreather, partial rebreather, simple mask, open mask A, and open mask B. These findings suggest that no oxygen mask tested serves as a substitute for the others across a flow range of 1-15 L/min and flush.