Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Effect of nitrous oxide on the bispectral index during sevoflurane anesthesia].
We studied the effects of nitrous oxide on the relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and bispectral index (BIS) in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Anesthesia was maintained with combination of epidural and sevoflurane anesthesia in air (control group; n = 15) or with 67% nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide group; n = 15). The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was increased by 0.5% every 15 min to 3% and BIS values were recorded at each step. ⋯ Nitrous oxide with sevoflurane caused more reduction in BIS in comparison with sevoflurane alone. The sevoflurane concentration for BIS at 50 in the nitrous oxide group (0.9 +/- 0.4%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.2 +/- 0.4%). The results suggest that the hypnotic effect of sevoflurane was enhanced by the addition of nitrous oxide during abdominal surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Effects of concentration and dosage of lidocaine on preventing the pain on injection of propofol].
Although it is well-known that 2% lidocaine has an effective action for preventing propofol-induced pain, it has been unclear whether or not lidocaine of the concentration below 2% has the effective action similar to 2% lidocaine. One-hundred and thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to one of the six groups according to concentration and dosage of lidocaine administered at the time of the initiation of propofol infusion. Groups I and II received 1 ml and 2 ml of 1% lidocaine, respectively; Groups III and IV were given 1 ml and 2 ml of 0.5% lidocaine, respectively; Group V received 2 ml of 2% lidocaine; Group VI was administered 1 ml of normal saline as a control. ⋯ Number of patients complaining of a pain during induction was more in Group VI with significance (P < 0.0001) and number of patients complaining of uncomfortableness was also more with significance (P < 0.0001). Incidence of propofol-induced pain and degree of satisfaction with anesthetic induction were similar among the groups receiving lidocaine. Even 0.5% lidocaine may have the same effective action as 2% lidocaine for preventing the pain on injection of propofol.