Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
[Combined intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine for elective post-caesarean pain].
Intrathecal morphine is widely used for analgesia following cesarean section in Europe and North America. In Japan analgesic method of intrathecal morphine was admitted to the insurance adjustment and it is necessary to study optimal dose of the morphine. ⋯ It is concluded that intrathecal morphine 0.1 mg gives effective analgesia with minimum side effects after cesarean section for the Japanese patients.