Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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Fundamental treatment for acute cholecystitis is cholecystectomy. However, the adoption of a treatment is dependend on degree of a severity of acute cholecystitis in each patient because its degree is influenced by factors such as duration from the onset of symptoms to medical examination. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred procedure for mild acute cholecystitis. ⋯ Emergency operation under adequate medical treatment is indicated for a patient with severe local inflammation of the gallbladder, torsion of the gallbladder, emphysematous cholecystitis, gangrenous cholecystitis, and purulent cholecystitis. Pericholecystic abscess, necrosis of the gallbladder wall, and perforation of the gallbladder can be diagnosed accurately by use of imaging diagnosis. The optimal surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis according to grade of severity should be performed referring to imaging findings.
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There are abundant cases of obstetric emergencies demanding prompt intervention. Emergency cesarean sections are classified into stable, urgent and immediate surgeries, although there is significant overlap between three groups. Stable emergency cesarean sections are performed in patients with stable maternal and fetal physiology, but who need surgery before unstability occurs. ⋯ In the event of sustained fetal bradycardia caused by placental abruption, cord prolapse, uterine rupture etc, delivery by immediate cesarean section within 25 minutes improve long-term neonatal neurologic outcome. Although cardiopulmonary arrest in pregnancy is very uncommon, peripartum cesarean section should be considered within 5 minutes not only for maternal resuscitation but for neonatal survival. Only a well-coordinated teamwork of all involved specialities will guarantee optimal prognosis of mother and fetus.
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The annual incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is approximately 20 per 100,000/ year in Japan, and it is suggested that approximately 40% of SAH patients have poor outcome. Rebleeding after SAH and delayed cerebral vasospasm are the most important causes of poor outcomes. Particularly, rebleeding significantly worsened the outcome, therefore, its prevention is of utmost importance. ⋯ At present, surgical clipping remains the method of choice in Japan. However, there has been growing acceptance that the efficacy of endovascular treatment is comparable to that of surgical treatment, suggesting endovascular treatment should be considered in suitable patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. In this report, we describe the proceedures for the standard management of SAH, in particular, treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysm and selection of treatment measures, according to the Japanese guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Case Reports
[Anesthetic management using muscle relaxant in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].
A 31-year-old woman with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with respiratory muscle paralysis was scheduled for tracheotomy. After applying standard neuromuscular monitoring devices, general anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol, remifentanil, rocuronium, and sevoflurane. ⋯ The patient emerged from general anesthesia smoothly using sugammadex; however, assisted respiration was continued for possible prolongation of the effect of muscle relaxant. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged without any discomfort.
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Comparative Study
[Comparison of continuous cardiac output measurement methods: non-invasive estimated CCO using pulse wave transit time and CCO using thermodilution].
esCCO (estimated continuous cardiac output, Nihon Kohden, esCCO) is a new cardiac output measurement system which uses pulse wave transit time to calculate cardiac output continuously and non-invasively. One of the most commonly used methods to monitor cardiac output is continuous cardiac output CCO (Edwards Lifesciences) which has an accuracy equivalent to that of thermodilution method. ⋯ This result suggests that esCCO could be used to measure cardiac output accurately and non-invasively in different cases.