Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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We retrospectively reviewed intraoperative hemodynamics, infusion volume, urinary output and dose of circulatory drugs in patients undergoing cholecystectomy in 3 types of anesthesia group: General anesthesia (GA group), general anesthesia with epidural anesthesia (EPI group) and general anesthesia with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block (TAPB group). TAP block was performed using ultrasound-guided subcostal method and 20-30 ml of ropivacaine (0.2-0.3%) was injected to TAP bilaterally. Though, the blood pressure in TAPB group was lower than that in GA group, the degree of low blood pressure was smaller than that in EPI group. Less changes in intraoperative blood pressure, infusion volume and dose of phenylephrine in TAPB group compared to those in EPI group can be the advantage of TAP block alternative to epidural anesthesia.
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Most drugs used in practical pediatric anesthesia are off-label. Pediatric anesthesiologists and non-pediatric anesthesiologists who rarely encounter pediatric patients need to be aware of the clinical usage of these drugs based on pediatric pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to ensure that children are not exposed to unnecessary risks. Clinical guidelines on anesthetic drugs have been made available on the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists website, and anesthesiologists are encouraged to access this site at least once. ⋯ Rocuronium and sugammadex have been used safely in pediatric patients so far, and may change the induction methods used in difficult airway patients and the management of airway emergencies. Desflurane is novel in Japan and has not been commonly used in pediatric anesthesia. Desflurane may cause very high irritability in the airway and may be used for the maintenance of anesthesia in limited situations.
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New trend in pediatric anesthesia is described as pediatric anesthesia can be a challenge. This special article will provide anesthesiologists, especially non-pediatric anesthesiologists with an update on the most important issues and the changes that have taken place over the last few years in pediatric anesthesia. ⋯ This article is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Yoh Horimoto, Department of Anesthesiology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital.
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General anesthesia was successfully performed in a 9-year-old boy with FOP. FOP is a very rare inherited disease of the connective tissue, characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification of skeletal muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Trauma and invasive medical procedures can induce heterotopic ossification. ⋯ Regarding the airway management in general anesthesia, excessive stretching of the jaw and extension of the head may lead to the ankylosis of the temporo-mandibular joint and the neck stiffness. Ankylosis of the costvertebral joints induces restrictive ventilatory impairment, which causes atelectasis and lung infection in the perioperative period. Relating to anesthetic management for a child with FOP, anesthesiologists should keep in mind the prevention of exacerbation of the symptoms and subsequent impairment of activities of daily living postoperatively.
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Regional anesthesia has been widely applied as an excellent method for perioperative analgesia. Recent studies suggested that regional anesthesia is a promising approach to minimize the risk of surgical site infection and postoperative cancer recurrence, subsequently providing the benefits to the long-term outcome. ⋯ Besides, during the perioperative periods, tumor immunity is significantly depressed due to surgical pain, activation of sympathetic nervous system, inflammatory responses, and others. In this review article, we discuss the tumor immunity during the perioperative period, with focus on the alterations of tumor immunity and regional anesthesia.