Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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Historical Article
[History of Resuscitation: 3. Development of Resuscitation in the Mid-18 Century-3: Artificial Respiration].
In the mid-18th century, resuscitation attempts started of "apparently dead" people as a result of drowning or other causes. In this article, I describe development of artificial ventilation. ⋯ Monro Secundus, Kite and Cullen attempted to ventilate via a tube which was inserted to. the mouth, nose or into the trachea. Gastric insufflation was pre- vented by a plug to the upper esophageal inlet and by cricoid pressure.
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Fibrinogen replacement therapy con- tributes to effective hemostasis and saving blood trans- fusions in critical hemorrhage. We retrospectively studied the efficacy and indication for cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate in thoracic aortic surgery. ⋯ The fibrinogen amount of 2-3 g (per 50-70 kg in body weight) in cryoprecipitate or fibrino- gen concentrate effectively reduces postoperative bleeding and perioperative blood transfusions when a fibrinogen level is less than 100-130 mg · dl⁻¹ during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Historical Article
[History of Resuscitation: 1. Development of Resuscitation in the Mid-18 Century-1 : Establishment of Humane Societies and List of Literature].
In the mid-18th century, a growing number of peo- ple started to attempt resuscitation of "apparently dead" people as a result of drowning or other causes, and humane societies were established in Holland, Brit- ain, and other European countries. In this article, I describe a history of those humane societies and pro- vide an extensive list of literature related to resuscita- tion published from the mid-18th century to 1820's.
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With recent changes in surgical procedures and perioperative management, there has been a growing interest in peripheral nerve blocks of the trunk in patients undergoing thoracic and breast surgery. Tho- racic truncal blocks include paravertebral, pecs, intercostal, and retrolaminar blocks. Previous studies have demonstrated that paravertebral block provides similar analgesic effects and better hemodynamic stability compared with epidural analgesia. ⋯ The novel ultrasound-guided techniques for intercostal nerve blocks have also been reported. Although some case series support that these pecs and intercostal nerve blocks appear to be safe and effective, prospective randomized studies to confirm their clinical usefulness are lacking. Whether to con- duct these thoracic truncal blocks or not will become a standard clinical practice for thoracic and breast sur- gery is yet to be determined.
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Patients undergoing abdominal surgery can experi- ence severe pain due to the abdominal wall incision. Epidural anesthesia has been considered as the gold standard for perioperative analgesia in abdominal sur- gery. However, currently, many patients receive pro- phylactic anticoagulation therapy preoperatively with potential complications. ⋯ The use of ultrasound ren- ders these block techniques safe and reliable. Cur- rently, a new abdominal peripheral nerve block, qua- dratus lumborum block, is gaining attention because it is thought to have a wider range of analgesia and a longer duration of effect As the analgesic properties of these blocks are limited in extent and duration, it is important to select the appropriate approach. Ultrasound-guided abdominal trunk block can con- tribute to perioperative multimodal analgesia.