Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Nov 2015
Observational Study[NEW TECHNIQUE OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA WITH EPIDURAL VOLUME EXTENSION FOR CAESAREN SECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CONCOMITANT CARDIAC PATHOLOGY].
Spinal anesthesia with the epidural volume extension provides the possibility of using small doses of local anesthetics and the low frequency of hypotension. However, the dose of the local anesthetic and the volume of normal saline for administration into the epidural space, remain unclear. ⋯ The new technique of spinal anesthesia with the epidural extension provides qualitative analgesia and stable hemodynamics in pregnant women with concomitant cardiac pathology
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Nov 2015
Review[VOLEMIC STATUS AND THE PHASIC APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF CRITICAL STATES--NEW OPPORTUNITES AND PROSPECTS].
Current guidelines suggest that an early and aggressive fluid therapy is the best rescue approach to restore and preserve cardiac index, organ function and decrease the risk of multiple organ failure in shock of various origin. However, escala- tion of fluid resuscitation is a double-edged sword often associated with reperfusion, glicocalyx injury, capillary leakage, delayed weight gain and heperhydration. ⋯ The type and volume of the fluid should be thoroughly selected in accordance with the phase of shock, risk of impending organ dysfunction and individual co-morbidity. The phasic approach, along with individualized early and delayed goal-directed protocols might fasten the resolution of organ dysfunction, reduce the duration of shock and mechanical ventilation and improve the outcomes.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Nov 2015
[OPIOID-FREE ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND SEDATION IN SURGERY OF HEAD AND NECK TUMOR].
62 adult patients had highly traumatic cancer head and neck surgery under multimodal non-opioid general anesthesia consisted of dexmedetomidine, lidocane, nefopam and sevoflurane. 18 patients had been intubatedwith fiber optic bronchoscope because of II-IV grade trismus. 10 patients with laryngeal stenosis had been tracheotomizedfor intubation. All these 28 patients had been sedated with dexmedetomidine, lidocane and small doses (10-20 mg) ketamine additionally to local anesthesia. All these patients maintained consciousness and breathed spontaneously. ⋯ On the day. 3 analgesia proceeded with nefopam and tenoxycam i.m. The quality of analgesia was good, with no complications. Only 3 patients had one promedol (trimeperidine) or tramadol iniection at the start-up of this new method of analgesia.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Sep 2015
Multicenter Study Observational Study[THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR SEDATION OF PATIENTS DURING PROLONGED MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (RUSSIAN MULTICENTER STUDY RESULTS)].
A multicenter prospective study investigated the efficacy and safety dexmedetomidine of sedation in 103 patients during long-term (> 12 h) mechanical ventilation and in cases of delirium. Protocol of sedation included intravenous infusions of dexmedetomidine 1.4/kg/h and administering of analgesic drugs, and if necessary--sedative drugs (propofol, midazolam). Group 1 included 69 patients in whom dexmedetomidine sedation was performed for prolonged mechanical ventilation. ⋯ The infusion of dexmedetomidine can provide a target level of sedation for RASS from 0 to -3 at 80-90% of patients with surgical and therapeutic profile who underwent prolonged mechanical ventilation. The frequency of adverse events appeared due to the development of bradycardia, hypotension. In the use of dexmedetomidine bolus injection should be avoided.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Sep 2015
[MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF THE SAVING OF PATIENT'S BLOOD AND REDUCTION OF THE USE OF DONOR BLOOD DURING OPERATIONS ON THE ASCENDING AORTA AND AORTIC ARCH].
Questions of saving of the patient's blood and limitation of the use of donated blood in the aortic surgery remain relevant in contrast with interventions on the valves of the heart and coronary arteries. In this regard, the aim of the study was to develop and introduce ofcomplex of technologies for saving the patient's blood in order to minimize transfusion of donor blood components during operations on the ascending aorta and aortic arch under hypothermic arrest. The study included 37 patients operated on the ascending aorta and aortic arch under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic cardiac arrest (CA) in 2013-2014 (Group 1). 2nd group consisted of 65 patients who at the same time performed reconstructive surgery on the ascending aorta with CBP without stopping the blood circulation. ⋯ Program of saving of the blood of patients with aortic disease included preoperative preparation of autoplasma in 60% of patients, intraoperative collection and laundering of autoerythrocytes in 40-70% of patients and autotransfusion modified method, the improvement of surgical and pharmacological hemostasis and monitoring. Design and implementation of these methods reduced the patients need for donor red blood cells (from 76 to 47%), fresh frozen plasma (from 65 to 35%) during the operation at the aortic arch and the ascending aorta and to completely avoid the use of donor blood in 25% of patients. Proof of the adequacy of the developed strategy of conservation and limitation of the patient's blood was allogeneic blood conservation targets hemoglobin, hematocrit levels and metabolism at the end of the operation.