Postgraduate medicine
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Postgraduate medicine · Nov 2022
Meta AnalysisComparative risk-benefit profiles of weak opioids in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Despite their poor tolerance, weak opioids are still the most commonly-prescribed medicine for osteoarthritis (OA)-related pain. The objective of this network meta-analysis was to comparatively examine the efficacy and safety of weak opioids in OA treatment. ⋯ The results of the present study confirmed that tramadol and codeine were effective drugs for the treatment of OA, but involved considerable safety issues. Dextropropoxyphene and dihydrocodeine exhibited a relatively good safety profile but their efficacy still warrant further investigation.
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Postgraduate medicine · Nov 2022
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of information sources in HPV vaccine acceptance: prospective randomized trial.
No study has evaluated the impact of written and visual resources in addition to information provided by healthcare workers on the acceptance of the HPV vaccine, which is the focus of the present research. ⋯ The present study showed that information from the video supplementing the professional health worker's talk was associated with significantly lower anxiety and concern level about the HPV vaccine, and significantly higher the HPV vaccine acceptance rate.
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Postgraduate medicine · Nov 2022
Prognosis of systemic inflammation at an early stage of cirrhosis using the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio during malnutrition risk screening: a prospective cohort study.
To determine whether the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), as a systemic inflammation index, predicts malnutrition risk during the early stages of cirrhosis. ⋯ Immune-related inflammatory dysfunction predicts malnutrition risk during the early stages of cirrhosis.
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Postgraduate medicine · Nov 2022
ReviewLDL-C target attainment in secondary prevention of ASCVD in the United States: barriers, consequences of nonachievement, and strategies to reach goals.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major causal risk factor for ASCVD. Current evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that lowering LDL-C reduces the risk of secondary cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction or stroke. ⋯ LDL-C goals are not met due to several factors: lipid-lowering therapy is not initiated and intensified as directed by clinical guidelines (clinical inertia); most patients do not adhere to prescribed medications; and high-risk patients are frequently denied access to add-on therapies by their insurance providers. Promoting patient and clinician education, multidisciplinary collaboration, and other interventions may help to overcome these barriers. Ultimately, achieving population-level guideline-recommended reductions in LDL-C will require a collaborative effort from patients, clinicians, relevant professional societies, drug manufacturers, and payers.
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Postgraduate medicine · Nov 2022
Review Meta AnalysisPostoperative complications, length of stay, and mortality following colectomies in rural hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Studies regarding patients who have underwent colectomy reported contradictory post-surgical complications based on their living areas. Due to the conflicting data surrounding whether rural or urban hospitals have lower postoperative complication rates, we have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of understanding and assessing the evidence that has already been found. ⋯ Rural hospitals overall have equivalent postoperative complication rates to urban hospitals and can provide sufficient postoperative patient care.