Acta medica Croatica : c̆asopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti
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The aim of this review is to highlight the continuing role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of breast lesions, against a background of its diminishing use in some centres, particularly those involved in breast screening, because of its controversial inadequate rate and suboptimal accuracy. This review explores the current practice and confirms the continuing role of FNAC in the diagnosis and management of breast lesions. The three main areas where FNAC still plays a major role are the following: (a) diagnosis of benign disease in symptomatic palpable lumps as part of triple assessment; (b) staging of breast carcinoma, in particular preoperative axillary lymph node FNAC and intraoperative sentinel node imprints; and (c) diagnosis of metastatic disease at distant sites following treatment for carcinoma. ⋯ Hormone receptor status, but not HER 2, can be reliably assessed from cytological material. Cells carry a promise of molecular diagnosis and targeted treatment in the future. The future of breast FNAC is bright.
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The aim of the study was to identify the clinical and laboratory (hematologic, biochemical and morphological) prognostic parameters of chronic leukemic lymphoproliferative diseases (CLLPD). ⋯ Careful clinical examination is an important step on assessing the extent and progression of the disease, and a major chain on tailoring individualized therapeutic approach, along with clinical stages according to Rai and Binet, CLLPD subtype and progression factors (DTM and DTL). Laboratory parameters (hematologic and biochemical) as objective quantitative parameters obtained by simple venipuncture, in contrast to the 'researcher-dependent' ones, increase the utilization of some of these parameters as risk factors in CLL.