Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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A case of combined, massive overdose of both atenolol and diltiazem in an adult male is reported. Cardiac arrest ensued which was responsive to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Bradycardia, hypotension, and oliguria followed which were resistant to intravenous pacing and multiple pharmacologic interventions, including intravenous fluids, calcium, dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, prenalterol, and glucagon. Adequate mean arterial pressure and urine output were restored only after addition of phenylephrine to therapy with multiple agents and transvenous pacing. The patient survived until discharge after a hospital course complicated by nontransmural myocardial infarct on hospital day 4 and pneumonia. Laboratory testing subsequently revealed high serum levels of both atenolol and diltiazem. The atenolol level of 35 microg/mL in this patient is the highest reported associated with survival. ⋯ This case illustrates severe cardiovascular toxicity after overdose of both atenolol and diltiazem. Oliguria, which has previously been reported in severe atenolol overdose, was successfully treated without hemodialysis by the addition of phenylephrine to aggressive therapy with pacing, inotropic, and pressor support.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2000
Case ReportsA case of transient diabetes insipidus associated with poisoning by a herbicide containing glufosinate.
The herbicide BASTA (AgrEvo, Germany), containing glufosinate ammonium (20%) and an anionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate (33%), is widely used. In acute oral BASTA poisoning, patients develop a variety of clinical signs, including disturbed consciousness, convulsions, and apnea. These effects are suspected to be due to the effects of glufosinate on the central nervous system. ⋯ A 60-year-old man ingested 500 mL of BASTA herbicide in a suicide attempt. He developed not only unconsciousness, respiratory distress, and convulsions but also an increase in urine output (7885 mL/d), elevated serum sodium (167 mEq/L), elevated plasma osmolality (332 mOsm/kg), and a decrease in both urine osmolality (200 mOsm/kg) and urine specific gravity (1.003), which suggested the development of diabetes insipidus. The plasma level of antidiuretic hormone remained within the normal range (1.3 pg/mL), despite high plasma osmolality. The administration of desmopressin was successful in normalizing urine volume, specific gravity, and osmolality. Serum sodium corrected gradually within 48 hours. The possible mechanisms causing the diabetes insipidus are discussed.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2000
Inadequate stocking of antidotes in Taiwan: is it a serious problem?
Insufficient hospital stock of a variety of poisoning antidotes is a worldwide problem. In an attempt to establish an antidote storage and distribution system for the response of the various poisoning accidents, we conducted a nationwide survey to characterize the current availability of selected antidotes and their anticipated need in Taiwan. ⋯ The appropriate storage of antidotes in hospitals or workplaces in rural areas is instrumental in the timely treatment of certain poisonings, while nationwide unavailability is the critical problem. Raising awareness of the importance of antidotes by education, regular review of antidote storage, distribution plans, and appropriate legislation might provide solutions.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2000
Case ReportsNystagmus secondary to fomepizole administration in a pediatric patient.
Fomepizole is an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor used to treat ethylene glycol poisoning in adults, with only one report describing the use of fomepizole in the pediatric population. We report a case of nystagmus associated with fomepizole treatment of a 6-year-old female who ingested ethylene glycol 15 hours prior to admission. ⋯ There was no evidence of the more frequently cited adverse events, such as headache, nausea, and dizziness. Fomepizole has been incompletely evaluated in the pediatric population, and the nature and occurrence of adverse events have not been described adequately. The use of fomepizole appeared safe in this patient although she developed transient nystagmus.
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To report a massive, 100 g ibuprofen ingestion in an adolescent, with survival. ⋯ Massive ingestion of ibuprofen may result in a variable picture with some elements of significant toxicity, but supportive care usually results in survival without sequelae.