Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2003
ReviewGlucagon in beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses: a systematic review.
Glucagon is usually accepted as part of the standard treatment in the management of patients with beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses. ⋯ The evidence supporting the use of glucagon in the management of patients with beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses is limited to animal studies.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2003
Case ReportsCardiotoxicity associated with intentional ziprasidone and bupropion overdose.
Ziprasidone and bupropion are medications prescribed for mood and behavior disorders. They have apparently safe cardiac safety profiles in both therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses, but recently the Federal Drug Administration has issued a caution regarding ziprasidone use in combination with other drugs that are known to prolong the QTc interval. ⋯ We present a case that underscores the potential cardiotoxicities of these medications. Ziprasidone and bupropion ingestion can be associated with cardiotoxicities that may require several days of aggressive cardiac monitoring and treatment.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2003
What are the adverse effects of ethanol used as an antidote in the treatment of suspected methanol poisoning in children?
Ethanol used as an antidote is said to have various adverse effects, particularly in children. The rate of these adverse effects is not known. ⋯ The rate of clinically important adverse effects related to ethanol used as an antidote to treat methanol poisoning in children was either absent or low in a tertiary care pediatric hospital setting. There was no morbidity or mortality associated with ethanol when it was used despite wide variation in ethanol levels. These results suggest that with appropriate monitoring and intravenous glucose intake in a controlled environment such as a pediatric intensive care unit, ethanol therapy does not carry as many risks as currently believed.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2003
Case ReportsFatal hypernatremia from saltwater used as an emetic.
An adolescent boy returned home from a party and told his parents he may have taken some pills while there. He was given saltwater to drink, in an effort to induce emesis. ⋯ He suffered numerous complications and died from cerebral herniation. This case is presented to remind physicians of the dangers of this obsolete therapy.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2003
Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of sodium bicarbonate in a canine model of severe cocaine intoxication.
Cocaine toxicity causes myocardial depression, malignant dysrhythmias, and sudden death, partially due to cocaine-related myocardial sodium channel blockade. Because of cocaine's ability to block cardiac sodium channels, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been proposed as an antidote. The hypothesis of this study was that NaHCO3 would correct cocaine-induced conduction abnormalities and resultant hemodynamic compromise in an animal model simulating severe cocaine intoxication. ⋯ NaHCO3 improved ECG changes secondary to cocaine toxicity and improved myocardial function.