Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Nov 2019
ReviewThe interplay between muscle mass decline, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
The world's population is progressively becoming older, and age‑related conditions are a major public health concern. A worrying phenomenon worldwide is the increasing obesity among aging societies, which occurs in parallel with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in older populations. As a result of the combination of these 2 states, new medical conditions, such as sarcopenic obesity, have recently become a public health concern. ⋯ The mechanisms underlying sarcopenic obesity are multifactorial. There is an interplay between low‑grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hormonal changes, a sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, and aging. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data regarding the definition, epidemiology, and pathways that lead to sarcopenic obesity, as well as treatment strategies.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Nov 2019
ReviewRecent advances in the workup and management of Raynaud phenomenon.
Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is defined as recurrent, reversible episodes of vasospasm involving peripheral small vessels, typically in the fingers and toes. Primary (idiopathic) RP is common (it occurrs in about 5% of the general population) and is usually benign. Secondary RP accounts for 10% to 20% of all RP cases and may be associated with complications such as tissue loss, ulcers, and gangrene. ⋯ Despite the lack of efficacy of bosentan in RP treatment, this medication is approved for the secondary prevention of digital ulcers in patients with SSc. In conclusion, the management of RP still represents a challenge. Collaboration between healthcare professionals, patient organizations, and the society could encourage earlier medical assessment of people at risk of SSc.