Przegla̧d lekarski
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Adequate body hydration is considered the key element of fluid management in critically ill patients including group with end stage renal failure. Bioimpedance technique is widely used as a non-invasive, simple and accurate method to measure body composition. The purpose of the paper was to prescribe the using of single, and multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy technique for estimation of fluid balance in end-stage renal patients. We also discussed some measurements and data modelling problems, including postural change effect, and intercompartmental fluid shift during dynamic monitoring of fluid balance.
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Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ granulomatous disorder of an unknown cause. Skin sarcoidosis occurs in about 20-35% of patients with systemic disease and may also arise in isolation. ⋯ The diagnosis rests on the presence of non-caseating granulomas on skin biopsy. Treatment and overall prognosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis is primarily dependent on the degree of systemic involvement.
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Normal human development requires the compatibility between genetic sex (sex chromosomes), sex of gonades (tests or ovaries), genitalia (external and internal sex organs), somatic features (body characteristics) and psychic sex. The psychic sex, called frequently gender, consist of gender identity (self-estimation), gender role (objective estimation) and sexual orientation (hetero- or homosexual). It was believed that the psychic gender depends only on socio-environmental influences such as rearing, learning and individual choice. ⋯ In genetic men with the absence of male genitalia formation, caused by the aberrant function of androgen receptor, the gender identity depends on the severity of the disorder: female gender identity in the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and female or male gender identity in the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and female or male in the partial androgen insensitivity. These clinical observations confirm the experimental data indicating androgen role in the male gender identity creation. This knowledge is necessary for the decision of the direction of surgical correction of sex organs in children with ambiguous genitalia, which should not depend on the expected efficiency to perform sexual intercourse, but mostly on the expected or already present individual gender identity.