Przegla̧d lekarski
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Smoking during pregnancy is associated with various adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal development, carries a lot of serious complications such as spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, and reduced birth weight of the newborn. Children of smoking mothers have an increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome and respiratory diseases during infancy. Smoking also causes long-term risk of maternal health problems such as: heart disease, cancer, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and higher mortality rate. ⋯ Residual nicotine that persists in high concentrations on the interior surfaces, including clothing, is forming in the reaction of nitric acid carcinogenic compounds of specific nitrosamines. In addition, ozone and related atmospheric oxidants react with nicotine smoke or smoke coming from the second-hand smoke, giving the smallest particles with high risk of asthma. Efforts towards reducing exposure to tobacco smoke coming from the passive and indirect smoking should be placed at a high priority throughout the European Union.
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We present a case of a 22-year-old male who, in a suicide attempt, ingested approximately 200 g of potassium chlorate. Upon admission to the hospital, he presented in full respiratory failure with cyanosis. Methylene blue antidote was given but found to be ineffective. ⋯ On day 14 of his hospitalization, he regained consciousness, as well as full respiratory and circulatory function. There are no controlled studies addressing management of potassium chlorate poisoning. We suggest that early renal replacement therapy should be strongly considered.
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Case Reports
[Endovascular treatment of vein of galen malformation with coils and onyx--case report].
Vein of galen malformation (VOGM) is a very rare disease which affects blood vessels of the brain. In general population the incidence is estimated at 1%. Treatment of choice is transluminal embolization. ⋯ Angiography confirmed total exclusion of the fistula and the circulation in the vein of Galen. One of the most important elements of treatment is to perform a proper diagnosis and evaluation of lesions morphology. With proper technique, high skills and proper equipment, intravascular embolization of vein of Galen malformation is an effective treatment.
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The electrocardiogram (ECG) examination is one of the most frequent administered diagnostic tests. It is commonly ordered by General Practitioners, and it has became a routinely administered examination during admission to the hospital. During their studies, medical students has numerous opportunities to review and interpret the results of these tests. ⋯ 4th and 5th year students have comparable knowledge of ECG. 6th year students showed a significantly improved ability to interpret the ECG, especially those who had already completed cardiology course in present term. The increase in skills of interpretation of ECG is gained primarily by self study.