Przegla̧d lekarski
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Smoking during pregnancy is associated with various adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal development, carries a lot of serious complications such as spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, and reduced birth weight of the newborn. Children of smoking mothers have an increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome and respiratory diseases during infancy. Smoking also causes long-term risk of maternal health problems such as: heart disease, cancer, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and higher mortality rate. ⋯ Residual nicotine that persists in high concentrations on the interior surfaces, including clothing, is forming in the reaction of nitric acid carcinogenic compounds of specific nitrosamines. In addition, ozone and related atmospheric oxidants react with nicotine smoke or smoke coming from the second-hand smoke, giving the smallest particles with high risk of asthma. Efforts towards reducing exposure to tobacco smoke coming from the passive and indirect smoking should be placed at a high priority throughout the European Union.
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Editorial Biography Historical Article
[History of Krakowian neurophysiology].
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Smoking is well established and important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cessation of smoking clearly decreases the risk of cardiovascular events. ⋯ Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) increases the probability of quitting smoking. Studies have indicating no increase in cardiovascular events in smokers with known cardiovascular disease.