Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Sep 2003
Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: comparative study between isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine associated to morphine.
Bupivacaine preparations, plain or with glucose, are frequently used in the clinical practice. Blockade upper level is determined by local anesthetic spread in the CSF. This study aimed at comparing isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients submitted to spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section. ⋯ We concluded that 12.5 mg isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine associated to morphine (100 microg) in spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section in term pregnant women are effective and present similar profiles.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Sep 2003
Analgesia and sedation with epidural clonidine associated to 0.75% ropivacaine in the postoperative period of open cholecystectomy.
Epidural clonidine has analgesic properties and potentiates local anesthetic effects; there are, however, some side effects including: arterial hypotension, bradycardia and sedation. This study aimed at evaluating analgesia and sedation of clonidine associated to 0.75% ropivacaine in the postoperative period of open cholecystectomy. ⋯ The association of clonidine and ropivacaine has produced longer analgesia and sedation at 2 and 6 hours of observation.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Sep 2003
Hemorrhagic shock hemodynamic and metabolic behavior: experimental study in dogs.
Different experimental models have been used to illustrate hemodynamic and metabolic changes during hemorrhagic shock. This study aimed at observing hemodynamic and metabolic behaviors during a sequential and progressive model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs to determine which indices are earlier changed. ⋯ Mean blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure have not reflected real volume status of dogs in our experimental model, oxygen transport, consumption and extraction rate are useful parameters to determine hemorrhagic shock reversibility and prognosis.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Sep 2003
Drug-delivery systems for local anesthetics: therapeutic applications.
Many researchers in the last four decades have been devoted to the development of drug-delivery systems. Since its first application in the pharmaceutical industry, many results have been obtained especially in the molecular manipulation of carriers and their interaction with encapsulated drugs. These new carriers have the advantage of bypassing encapsulated drugs restraining physicochemical properties (such as water or membrane solubility), thus improving pharmacodynamics (therapeutic effect potentiation), pharmacokinetics (control of tissue absorption and distribution) and toxic effects (lower local and systemic toxicity). Liposomes and cyclodextrins are among the most important carriers which have shown to be quite advantageous in the development of drug-delivery systems for local anesthetics. This study aimed at reviewing the interaction of local anesthetics with liposomes and cyclodextrins, the development of basic and applied research on the field, in addition to therapeutic applicability of these formulations. ⋯ Although studies are still in progress, drug-delivery systems are flagging a new direction for the development of safer and more effective local anesthetic formulations.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Sep 2003
Inhalational anesthetics analyzer as a method to detect anesthesia machine failures and prevent intraoperative awareness. Case report.
Although rare, intraoperative awareness is a severe general anesthesia complication. Anesthesia machine malfunction is one of several causes for anesthetic complications, among them intraoperative awareness. This report aimed at showing a case where the volatile anesthetic monitor has detected machine malfunction which could have led to intraoperative awareness. ⋯ Although rare, intraoperative awareness is a severe complication which should be prevented. Routine and thorough anesthesia equipment inspection before its use may minimize failures. The inhalational anesthetics monitor is useful whenever inhaled anesthetics are being used and may early detect anesthesia machine failures as in this case report.