Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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Glass ampoules have been widely used in packaging injection drugs. Glass has important characteristics that allow it to be widely used in fabrication of recipients for drugs and other sterile substances. However, contamination of solutions with glass microparticles on breaking open glass ampoules, the presence of metals, percutaneous injury, and biological contamination justify the need of educational materials to orient the manipulation of ampoules. ⋯ Team training and information provided by the pharmaceutical industry on the use of ampoules are fundamental in the prophylaxis of accidents and contaminations. The search for safer materials to replace glass is also important.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jul 2011
ReviewIntraoperative monitoring with transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery.
Since its clinical introduction in the 80s, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has represented one of the greatest advances in modern cardiac anesthesia. It is a semi-invasive technique that allows direct and fast visualization of structural anatomy of the heart and great vessels as well as contributes to hemodynamic and functional evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Thus, it has become an important monitor in aiding the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies and anesthesia and surgical interventions. The objective of this report was to perform a comprehensive review on the use of intraoperative TEE in cardiac surgery. ⋯ Intraoperative TEE is a safe method of cardiovascular monitoring, which is useful in the formulation of a surgical strategy, orientation of hemodynamic interventions, and immediate assessment of surgical outcomes. Once qualified to use the method, the anesthesiologist expands its role in perioperative medicine, providing clinical information necessary to the anesthetic-surgical procedure in cardiac surgery.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jul 2011
Clinical TrialEffects of prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine on reducing the mass of local anesthetic in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
Reducing the mass of local anesthetic minimizes the effects of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section and the incidence of maternal adverse events preserving fetal well-being, but it may result in insufficient anesthesia. Hypotension associated with greater masses of subarachnoid anesthesia can be controlled by prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine. The effects of prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine on pressure control on maternal and fetus results in cesarean sections with different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia. ⋯ On maintaining the blood pressure with prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine the incidence of maternal adverse events and conditions of birth do not differ whether spinal anesthesia is performed with 12 mg or 8 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jul 2011
Comparative StudyHydroelectrolytic balance and cerebral relaxation with hypertonic isoncotic saline versus mannitol (20%) during elective neuroanesthesia.
Cerebral relaxation during intracranial surgery is necessary, and hiperosmolar therapy is one of the measures used to this end. Frequently, neurosurgical patients have sodium imbalances. The objective of the present study was to quantify and determine cerebral relaxation and duration of hydroelectrolytic changes secondary to the use of mannitol versus hypertonic isoncotic solution (HIS) during neurosurgery. ⋯ A single dose of hypertonic isoncotic saline solution [7.2% NaCl/6% HES (200/0.5)] and mannitol (20%) with equivalent osmolar loads were effective and safe in producing cerebral relaxation during elective neurosurgical procedures under general anesthesia.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jul 2011
Case ReportsAnaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with lumbar syringomyelia.
Syringomyelia is a rare neurological condition characterized by the presence of an expansive cystic cavity in the spinal cord, resulting in several neurologic manifestations. The objective of the present report was to address the safety of general anesthesia in this group of patients. ⋯ General anesthesia can be safely used in patients with syringomyelia. Care should be taken to prevent increase in intracranial pressure and neuromuscular blockade should be monitored.