The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol · Apr 2014
Review Meta AnalysisChildhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Latin America: a systematic review.
The number of children and adolescents who are overweight or obese worldwide is alarming. We did a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 0-19 years in Latin America. We searched specialised databases and seven books for relevant studies that were done in Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking Latin American and Caribbean countries and published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2008, and April 2013. ⋯ Overall, between 42·5 and 51·8 million children aged 0-19 years were affected-ie, about 20-25% of the population. Although undernutrition and obesity coexist in the region, policies in most countries favour prevention of undernutrition, and only a few countries have implemented national policies to prevent obesity. In view of the number of children who are overweight or obese, the associated detrimental effects on health, and the cost to health-care systems, implementation of programmes to monitor and prevent unhealthy weight gain in children and adolescents are urgently needed throughout Latin America.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyOnce-weekly albiglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral drugs (HARMONY 7): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority phase 3 study.
As new members of a drug class are developed, head-to-head trials are an important strategy to guide personalised treatment decisions. We assessed two glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, once-weekly albiglutide and once-daily liraglutide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs. ⋯ GlaxoSmithKline.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol · Apr 2014
ReviewVitamin D concentration, obesity, and risk of diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study.
Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration and high BMI have been associated with increased risk of diabetes. We tested the hypotheses that genetic variants associated with low concentrations of 25(OH)D are associated with diabetes, and that the effect on diabetes of genetic variants associated with high BMI is partly mediated through reduced plasma 25(OH)D concentration. ⋯ Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen University Hospital.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol · Apr 2014
Editorial CommentObesity prevention in Latin America: now is the time.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol · Apr 2014
ReviewStress hyperlactataemia: present understanding and controversy.
An increased blood lactate concentration is common during physiological (exercise) and pathophysiological stress (stress hyperlactataemia). In disease states, there is overwhelming evidence that stress hyperlactataemia is a strong independent predictor of mortality. However, the source, biochemistry, and physiology of exercise-induced and disease-associated stress hyperlactataemia are controversial. ⋯ Finally, lactate appears to act like a hormone that modifies the expression of various proteins, which themselves increase the efficiency of energy utilisation and metabolism. Clinicians need to be aware of these advances in our understanding of stress hyperlactataemia to approach patient management according to logical principles. We discuss the new insights and controversies about stress hyperlactataemia.