The International journal of the addictions
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A series of 414 chronic pain patients referred to Are Hospital, Are, Sweden, for evaluation and rehabilitation were administered a structured diagnostic interview to detect alcohol and drug misuse and dependence according to DSM-III-R criteria. A total of 97 (23.4%) met criteria for active alcohol, analgesic, or sedative misuse or dependency; an additional 39 (9.4%) met criteria for a remission diagnosis. Current dependency was most common for analgesics (12.6%) followed by alcohol (9.7%) and sedatives (7.0%).
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In 1988 the US Congress passed a law requiring a health warning label on alcoholic beverage containers, to include the message that pregnant women should not drink alcohol. This paper addresses the role that scientific knowledge played in the formation and passage of the alcohol warning label policy. ⋯ A synopsis of the state of knowledge in 1988 regarding the effects of alcohol on the fetus is presented, and a snapshot of the social climate at that time is offered. The paper concludes with an update of relevant FAS research since the legislation was passed, and considers implications for future research and policy in the prevention of FAS.
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A sample of 1,325 adolescents drawn from a nationwide multistage probability master sample of 4,290 persons were interviewed at their homes in 1984. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns and quantity of alcohol consumption and related problems. ⋯ Of adolescents, 18% reported two or more alcohol-related problems including suffering from depressive symptoms. Discriminant analysis revealed 14 predictors with high discriminating power between problematic and nonproblematic drinking.
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While a number of risk factors have been identified for drug misuse in the United States, little evidence is available about such factors in other societies. This study attempted to identify risk factors in Pakistan. ⋯ About 97% of the 60 addicts studied were at risk on four or more factors; 100% of controls were at risk on four or fewer factors. It appears that the precursors for misuse cut across cultural lines.
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We modeled associations of quantity and frequency of alcohol use with depressive symptoms (negative affect, lack of positive affect, somatic disturbance, interpersonal problems) in two household surveys of Mexican-Americans (Ns = 1,313 and 3,577). Multivariate analyses controlled cultural (immigration, acculturation) and demographic (age, income, household size, marital status, employment status) characteristics, and assessed interactions of these two classes of predictors. ⋯ In others, associations of alcohol use with depression depended on cultural characteristics. Associations of drinking with depression tended not to be robust across samples.