The Journal of nutrition
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
ReviewThe Dietary Patterns Methods Project: synthesis of findings across cohorts and relevance to dietary guidance.
The Dietary Patterns Methods Project (DPMP) was initiated in 2012 to strengthen research evidence on dietary indices, dietary patterns, and health for upcoming revisions of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, given that the lack of consistent methodology has impeded development of consistent and reliable conclusions. DPMP investigators developed research questions and a standardized approach to index-based dietary analysis. This article presents a synthesis of findings across the cohorts. ⋯ The reductions in mortality risk started at relatively lower levels of diet quality. Higher scores on each of the indices, signifying higher diet quality, were associated with marked reductions in mortality. Thus, the DPMP findings suggest that all 4 indices capture the essential components of a healthy diet.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Household food insecurity is positively associated with depression among low-income supplemental nutrition assistance program participants and income-eligible nonparticipants.
Food insecurity is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Given that federal food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), aim to alleviate food insecurity, there may be heterogeneity in the association between food insecurity and depression by SNAP participation status. ⋯ The complex relation between food insecurity and mental health may vary on the basis of SNAP participation status. Programmatic efforts to address the risk of depression among their beneficiaries may positively affect the mental health of low-income adults.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Controlled Clinical TrialA high-protein breakfast induces greater insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide responses to a subsequent lunch meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
The previous meal modulates the postprandial glycemic responses to a subsequent meal; this is termed the second-meal phenomenon. ⋯ In type 2 diabetic individuals, compared with a high-carbohydrate breakfast, the consumption of a high-protein breakfast meal attenuates the postprandial glucose response and does not magnify the response to the second meal. Insulin, C-peptide, and GIP concentrations demonstrate the second-meal phenomenon and most likely aid in keeping the glucose concentrations controlled in response to the subsequent meal. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02180646 as NCT02180646.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Genetic variations in magnesium-related ion channels may affect diabetes risk among African American and Hispanic American women.
Prospective studies consistently link low magnesium intake to higher type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. ⋯ Our findings suggest important associations between genetic variations in magnesium-related ion channel genes and T2D risk in AA and HA women that vary by amount of magnesium intake.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice in an adiposity-independent manner.
Obesity is associated with an overexpansion of adipose tissue, along with increases in blood pressure, glycemia, inflammation, and thrombosis. Research to develop nutritional interventions to prevent or treat obesity and its associated diseases is greatly needed. Previously, we demonstrated the ability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to prevent high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation in mice. ⋯ With the use of mice and cultured adipocytes, we showed that EPA ameliorates HF-diet effects at least in part by increasing oxygen consumption and fatty acid oxidation and reducing adipocyte size, adipogenesis, and adipose tissue inflammation, independent of obesity.