The Journal of nutrition
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Controlled Clinical TrialA high-protein breakfast induces greater insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide responses to a subsequent lunch meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
The previous meal modulates the postprandial glycemic responses to a subsequent meal; this is termed the second-meal phenomenon. ⋯ In type 2 diabetic individuals, compared with a high-carbohydrate breakfast, the consumption of a high-protein breakfast meal attenuates the postprandial glucose response and does not magnify the response to the second meal. Insulin, C-peptide, and GIP concentrations demonstrate the second-meal phenomenon and most likely aid in keeping the glucose concentrations controlled in response to the subsequent meal. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02180646 as NCT02180646.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Genetic variations in magnesium-related ion channels may affect diabetes risk among African American and Hispanic American women.
Prospective studies consistently link low magnesium intake to higher type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. ⋯ Our findings suggest important associations between genetic variations in magnesium-related ion channel genes and T2D risk in AA and HA women that vary by amount of magnesium intake.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice in an adiposity-independent manner.
Obesity is associated with an overexpansion of adipose tissue, along with increases in blood pressure, glycemia, inflammation, and thrombosis. Research to develop nutritional interventions to prevent or treat obesity and its associated diseases is greatly needed. Previously, we demonstrated the ability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to prevent high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation in mice. ⋯ With the use of mice and cultured adipocytes, we showed that EPA ameliorates HF-diet effects at least in part by increasing oxygen consumption and fatty acid oxidation and reducing adipocyte size, adipogenesis, and adipose tissue inflammation, independent of obesity.
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The Journal of nutrition · Mar 2015
Dietary variety is inversely associated with body adiposity among US adults using a novel food diversity index.
Consuming a variety (vs. monotony) of energy-poor, nutrient-dense foods may help individuals adhere to dietary patterns favorably associated with weight control. ⋯ Higher US HFD index values were inversely associated with indicators of body adiposity in both sexes, indicating that greater healthful food variety may protect against excess adiposity. This study explicitly recognizes the potential benefits of dietary variety in obesity management and provides the foundation to support its ongoing evaluation.
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The Journal of nutrition · Feb 2015
Review Meta AnalysisParenteral fish oil-containing lipid emulsions may reverse parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Growing evidence indicates that fish oil-containing lipid emulsions have a beneficial effect on parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in adults; however, data are limited in neonates regarding the effect of fish oil on PNAC. ⋯ The pooled data suggest that the use of fish oil-containing lipid emulsions is effective for reversing PNAC but cannot prevent PNAC in neonates who require prolonged parenteral nutritional support.