Revista médica de Chile
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Revista médica de Chile · Dec 2019
Review[Popular names and classification of illicit drugs commonly used in Chile].
Background The consumption of illicit drugs in Chile has increased over the years generating abuse and dependence problems and becoming a public health problem. Aim To build and disseminate a figure in which health personnel can quickly visualize illicit drugs and their common names, and thus be able to associate them with the effects and risks that are expected in the patient. Material and Methods A bibliographic review and compilation of information obtained from dealers and drug abusers. ⋯ Conclusions Illicit drugs have several popular names and various mechanisms of action. When confronting drug consumption this information is crucial to provide an adequate treatment and withdrawal management. However, it is important to keep in mind that this work only represents a management guide and that treatment should always focus on the condition and clinical manifestations of the patient.
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Revista médica de Chile · Dec 2019
[Reserva cognitiva y demencias: Limitaciones del efecto protector en el envejecimiento y el deterioro cognitivoLimited protective effects of cognitive reserve on the progression of cognitive impairment].
Aging constitutes a series of physical, physiological and cognitive changes, affecting independence in the activities of daily living. During this stage, neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment are common. ⋯ The objective of this systematic review is to identify evidence where high cognitive reserve does not limit the effects of cognitive impairment. Results indicate that the protective effect of cognitive reserve occurs only in the presence of minimal cognitive impairment, but not at later stages.
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Revista médica de Chile · Dec 2019
ReviewIntoxicación por etilenglicol, fisiopatología y enfrentamiento clínico.
Toxic alcohols can produce severe poisoning with multiple organic involvement and even death. The most common form is ethylene glycol. The diagnosis can be extremely difficult if there is no history of its consumption. ⋯ The clinical manifestations are diffuse neurological involvement initially, followed by hemodynamic alterations due to myocardial damage associated with hypocalcemia and acidemia. Subsequently, severe tubular renal damage appears, which may require renal replacement therapy, and finally, focal neurological alterations. To treat this poisoning, it is necessary to inhibit the transformation of alcohol into acids, increase the metabolism of the latter or withdraw them directly with hemodialysis.
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Acute aortic syndromes include a spectrum of life-threatening aortic conditions. A review of the diagnostic aspects of the acute aortic syndrome was made, from the perspective of the imaging techniques available for this purpose. ⋯ Emphasis was placed on the relevance of clinical information as a fundamental tool for suspecting this syndrome and appropriately choosing the imaging technique. Our main objective is to provide information about the diagnosis of this condition, especially in the context of emergency services.