Frontiers in neurology
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2020
ReviewThe Neurologic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systemic Review.
Objective: Review and integrate the neurologic manifestations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to aid medical practitioners who are combating the newly derived infectious disease. Methods: We reviewed the clinical research, consisting of mainly case series, on reported neurologic manifestations of COVID-19. We also reviewed basic studies to understand the mechanism of these neurologic symptoms and signs. ⋯ Conclusions: Neurologic manifestations in COVID-19 may alert physicians and medical practitioners to rule in high-risk patients. The increasing incidence of olfactory/taste disorders, myalgia, headache, and acute cerebral vascular disease renders a possibility that COVID-19 could attack the nervous system. The cytokine secretion and bloodstream circulation (viremia) are among the most possible routes into the nervous system.
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SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that has caused an ongoing worldwide pandemic. Emerging in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the virus has spread rapidly around the world. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. ⋯ This includes headache, anosmia, meningoencephalitis, acute ischemic stroke, and several presumably post/para-infectious syndromes and altered mental status not explained by respiratory etiologies. Interestingly, previous studies in animal models emphasized the neurotropism of coronaviruses; thus, these CNS manifestations of COVID-19 are not surprising. This minireview scans the literature regarding the involvement of the CNS in coronavirus infections in general, and in regard to the recent SARS-CoV-2, specifically.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2020
ReviewNeurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review.
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been associated with many neurological symptoms but there is a little evidence-based published material on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19. The purpose of this article is to review the spectrum of the various neurological manifestations and underlying associated pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients. Method: We conducted a review of the various case reports and retrospective clinical studies published on the neurological manifestations, associated literature, and related pathophysiology of COVID-19 using PUBMED and subsequent proceedings. ⋯ There is a need to diagnose these manifestations at the earliest to limit long term sequelae. Much research is needed to explore the role of SARS-CoV-2 in causing these neurological manifestations by isolating it either from cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissues of the deceased on autopsy. We also recommend exploring the risk factors that lead to the development of these neurological manifestations.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2020
ReviewAccelerating Telemedicine for Cerebral Palsy During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.
The effects of COVID-19 extend beyond the pandemic and are expected to transform healthcare in various ways, many of which remain unknown. With social distancing, telemedicine may become the preferred communication channel between caregivers and patients. Implications for cerebral palsy (CP) children are that this will pose a challenge within this transformation. ⋯ Accessible, continuous care is expected to lower comorbidities, as demonstrated for other chronic conditions. Enhanced monitoring is crucial for younger children as devastating complications, such as hip dysplasia, could be minimized. Last but not least, we will discuss digital health care as an accelerator for participatory medicine, including networked patients and families, as responsible drivers of their health as full partners.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2020
ReviewNeuromuscular Complications With SARS-COV-2 Infection: A Review.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China in December, 2019. SARS- COV-2 primarily affects the cardio-respiratory system. Over the last few months, several studies have described various neurological sequelae of SARS-COV-2 infection. ⋯ Mean time for onset of neurological symptoms from initial symptoms in 11 patients was 8.18 days, with SD of 2.86 days. Mean time to performing electrodiagnostic study from onset of neurological symptom was 6 days with standard deviation of 3.25. Six patients had demyelinating pattern, three had acute sensory motor axonal neuropathy, and one had acute motor axonal neuropathy on electrodiagnostic studies.