Frontiers in physiology
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2020
Comparative Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Childhood Obesity: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Purpose: The main objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiometabolic health in childhood obesity and determine whether HIIT is a superior form of training in managing obese children's metabolic health. Methods: Relevant studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI were searched, restricted to those published from inception to 1 October 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) depicting the effect of HIIT on childhood obesity were included. ⋯ Moreover, HIIT can improve cardiorespiratory fitness more significantly than MICT. These findings indicate that HIIT may be an alternative and effective training method for managing childhood obesity. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42018111308.
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2020
Hidden Microatelectases Increase Vulnerability to Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury.
Mechanical ventilation of lungs suffering from microatelectases may trigger the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Direct lung injury by bleomycin results in surfactant dysfunction and microatelectases at day 1 while tissue elastance and oxygenation remain normal. Computational simulations of alveolar micromechanics 1-day post-bleomycin predict persisting microatelectases throughout the respiratory cycle and increased alveolar strain during low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation. ⋯ At the electron microscopic level, the largest surface area of injured alveolar epithelial was observed in bleomycin-challenged lungs after PEEP = 1 cmH2O ventilation. After bleomycin treatment cellular markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (p-Perk and p-EIF-2α) were positive within the septal wall and ventilation with PEEP = 1 cmH2O ventilation increased the surface area stained positively for p-EIF-2α. In conclusion, hidden microatelectases are linked with an increased pulmonary vulnerability for mechanical ventilation characterized by an aggravation of epithelial injury.
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2020
Value of Blood-Based microRNAs in the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Background: Recent studies have shown that blood-based miRNAs are dysregulated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and are therefore a potential tool for the diagnosis of AMI. Therefore, this study summarized and evaluated studies focused on microRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI from the last ten years. Methods: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central database, and EMBASE were searched between January 2010 and December 2019. ⋯ Conclusion: miRNAs may be used as potential biomarkers for the detection of AMI. For single, stand-alone miRNAs, miRNA-499 may have better diagnostic accuracy compared to other miRNAs. We propose that a panel of multiple miRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity should be tested.
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Purpose of Review: This review summarizes the current evidence for the involvement of proteotoxicity and protein quality control systems defects in diseases of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Specifically, it presents the commonalities between the pathophysiology of protein misfolding diseases in the heart and the brain. Recent Findings: The involvement of protein homeostasis dysfunction has been for long time investigated and accepted as one of the leading pathophysiological causes of neurodegenerative diseases. ⋯ As a result, proteotoxicity, unfolding protein response (UPR), and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have recently been investigated as potential key pathogenic pathways and therapeutic targets for heart disease. Summary: Overall, the current knowledge summarized in this review describes how the misfolding process in the brain parallels in the heart. Understanding the folding and unfolding mechanisms involved early through studies in the heart will provide new knowledge for neurodegenerative proteinopathies and may prepare the stage for targeted and personalized interventions.
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2020
Antinociceptive Effects of Lipid Raft Disruptors, a Novel Carboxamido-Steroid and Methyl β-Cyclodextrin, in Mice by Inhibiting Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and Ankyrin 1 Channel Activation.
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and Ankyrin 1 (TRPV1, TRPA1) cation channels are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurons, and play an integrative role in pain processing and inflammatory functions. Lipid rafts are liquid-ordered plasma membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and gangliosides. We earlier proved that lipid raft disintegration by cholesterol depletion using a novel carboxamido-steroid compound (C1) and methyl β-cyclodextrin (MCD) significantly and concentration-dependently inhibit TRPV1 and TRPA1 activation in primary sensory neurons and receptor-expressing cell lines. ⋯ Both C1 and MCD had inhibitory action on TRPA1 activation (formalin)-induced acute nocifensive reactions (paw liftings, lickings, holdings, and shakings) in the second, neurogenic inflammatory phase by 36% and 51%, respectively. These are the first in vivo data showing that our novel lipid raft disruptor carboxamido-steroid compound exerts antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects by inhibiting TRPV1 and TRPA1 ion channel activation similarly to MCD, but in 150-fold lower concentrations. It is concluded that C1 is a useful experimental tool to investigate the effects of cholesterol depletion in animal models, and it also might open novel analgesic drug developmental perspectives.