Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
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Suboptimal diet quality has a large impact on noncommunicable disease burden. ⋯ This updated systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that high diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality, cancer incidence or mortality, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease, as well as all-cause mortality and cancer mortality among cancer survivors. Moderate credibility of evidence for identified associations complements the recent 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report recommending healthy dietary patterns for disease prevention.
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Caribbean Latino adults have disproportionately high prevalence of chronic disease; however, underlying mechanisms are unknown. Unique gut microbiome profiles and relation to dietary quality may underlie health disparities. ⋯ Two unique microbiome profiles, identified by abundance of P copri, were identified among Caribbean Latino adults. Microbiome profiles and SCFA content were associated with diet, T2D, and lifestyle. Further research is needed to determine the role of P copri and SCFA production in the risk for chronic disease and associated lifestyle predictors.
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Calorie labeling is mandated in restaurant chains with ≥20 locations nationwide, but the effect of labeling on the nutritional quality of purchased meals in fast-food settings is unclear, especially for adolescents and children. ⋯ Calorie labeling at McDonald's was associated with a possibly small positive change in the nutritional quality of meals in adults but not in adolescents or children. Efforts are needed to improve the nutritional quality of restaurant meals.