Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Differential Improvements in Student Fruit and Vegetable Selection and Consumption in Response to the New National School Lunch Program Regulations: A Pilot Study.
To investigate changes in student food selection and consumption in response to the new National School Lunch Program meal patterns during fall 2011. ⋯ More intervention students selected fruit and vegetables at lunch and consumed them compared with control condition students. Future studies with larger and more diverse student populations are warranted.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sustainable weight loss among overweight and obese lactating women is achieved with an energy-reduced diet in line with dietary recommendations: results from the LEVA randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary changes during and after a dietary treatment shown to result in significant and sustained weight loss among lactating overweight and obese women. This is crucial before clinical implementation. Data were collected from the LEVA (in Swedish: Livsstil för Effektiv Viktminskning under Amning [Lifestyle for Effective Weight Loss During Lactation]) randomized controlled factorial trial with a 12-week intervention and a 1-year follow up. ⋯ In conclusion, a novel dietary treatment led to reduced intake of fat and carbohydrates. Diet composition changed to decreased proportions of fat and sucrose, and increased proportions of complex carbohydrates, protein and fiber. Weight loss through dietary treatment was achieved with a diet in line with macronutrient recommendations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Increasing the number of chews before swallowing reduces meal size in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adults.
Eating slowly contributes to a lower risk of obesity, probably because it could aid appetite control. Chewing thoroughly is an effective strategy to reduce eating rate; however, insufficient data are available to demonstrate the relationship between such an eating behavior and energy intake. To investigate the effect of increasing the number of chews before swallowing on meal size, a randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 18- to 45-year-old normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants (n=45) who were recruited from the local community (Ames, IA). ⋯ Increasing the number of chews also prolonged meal duration and reduced eating rate. However, subjective appetite at meal termination or during the immediate postprandial period did not differ. These data indicate that increasing the number of chews before swallowing might be a behavioral strategy to reduce food intake and potentially aid body-weight management.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Slower eating speed lowers energy intake in normal-weight but not overweight/obese subjects.
The effect of eating speed on energy intake by weight status is unclear. ⋯ Eating slowly significantly lowered meal energy intake in the normal-weight but not in the overweight/obese group. It lowered eating rate and energy density in both groups. Eating slowly led to lower hunger ratings in both groups and increased fullness ratings in the normal-weight group at 60 minutes from when the meal began.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Age-related variations of appetite sensations of fullness and satisfaction with different dietary energy densities in a large, free-living sample of Japanese adults.
The effective energy density (ED) diet model for customized meal plans has not been adequately explored, and the specific differences in appetite sensation among age groups remain unclear. ⋯ This study indicated that high vegetable content in the low-ED diet model provided sufficient fullness and satisfaction despite the low energy content and increased rice content is more effective for satiety than increased meat content for Japanese adults aged around 40 years.