Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
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Suboptimal diet quality has a large impact on noncommunicable disease burden. ⋯ This updated systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that high diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality, cancer incidence or mortality, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease, as well as all-cause mortality and cancer mortality among cancer survivors. Moderate credibility of evidence for identified associations complements the recent 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report recommending healthy dietary patterns for disease prevention.
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Meta Analysis
Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive condition in the industrialized world. The gut microbiota plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. ⋯ IBS is characterized by gut microbial dysbiosis. Prospective, large-scale studies are needed to delineate how gut microbial profiles can be used to guide targeted therapies in this challenging patient population.
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Ginger has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. ⋯ Ginger supplementation might benefit chemotherapy-induced vomiting as well as fatigue. Due to clinical heterogeneity, this systematic review update found no association between ginger and chemotherapy-induced nausea and other chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting-related outcomes. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis provide a rationale for further research with stronger study designs, adequate sample sizes, standardized ginger products, and validated outcome measures to confirm efficacy of ginger supplementation and optimal dosing regimens.
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We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize findings on the associations between intakes of soy, soy isoflavones, and soy protein and risk of mortality from all causes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. ⋯ Soy and its isoflavones may favorably influence risk of mortality. In addition, soy protein intake was associated with a decreased risk in the mortality of breast cancer. Our findings may support the current recommendations to increase intake of soy for greater longevity.
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Meta Analysis
The Associations of Fruit and Vegetable Intakes with Burden of Diseases: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses.
Low fruit and vegetable intakes are recognized risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. This systematic review summarizes published meta-analyses of global burden of diseases attributable to low fruit and vegetable intakes, and the best relative risk estimates. ⋯ This systematic review supports existing recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes. Current comparative risk assessments might significantly underestimate the protective associations of fruit and vegetable intakes.