Mayo Clinic proceedings
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Antimicrobial prophylaxis is used by clinicians for the prevention of numerous infections, including sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infection, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, recurrent cellulitis, meningococcal disease, recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis, influenza, malaria, infective endocarditis, pertussis, plague, anthrax, early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates, and animal bite wounds. Certain opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients also can be effectively prevented with primary antimicrobial prophylaxis. ⋯ To maximize its effectiveness, intravenous perioperative prophylaxis should be given within 30 to 60 minutes before the time of surgical incision. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be of short duration to decrease toxicity, antimicrobial resistance, and excess cost.
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Jan 2000
ReviewTestosterone replacement and the physiologic aspects of aging in men.
Clinical and epidemiologic studies, along with basic scientific research, have shown a trend toward androgen deficiency in aging males. The focus of the clinical investigations described here is to determine whether testosterone deficiency is a physiologic cause of the aging process and whether testosterone replacement might prevent or ameliorate a decline in quality of life associated with age-related decline in physical and psychological functioning.