Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunità
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Despite substantial progress towards measles and rubella control, outbreaks continue to threaten elimination goals worldwide. ⋯ Elimination of measles and rubella in Italy will require a substantial improvement in both commitment of the 21 Regions and activity of the whole country towards the WHO goals.
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Despite substantial progress towards measles and rubella control, outbreaks continue to threaten elimination goals worldwide. ⋯ Elimination of measles and rubella in Italy will require a substantial improvement in both commitment of the 21 Regions and activity of the whole country towards the WHO goals.
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The aim of this contribution is to present the Report of 'Commission on Social Determinants of Health' (Who) published in August 2008, 30th Alma Ata Conference anniversary. The Report highlights major inequalities in life expectancy and rates of disease between rich and poor within countries as well as among different parts of the world. The report makes wide ranging recommendations in order to 'close the gap in a generation', emphasizing action on living conditions, access to services, social support, information and research. We will discuss the echoes from the scientific and media world and their impact on national and global scale.
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Repetitive work in occupational settings often requires a combination of mental and physical demands, but few studies were conducted concerning the relationship between attention and repetitive work. In attentive and cognitive tasks, it is common to observe effort and fatigue without the presence of those neuromuscular modifications that would justify the use of these terms. Therefore, we can talk about mental fatigue in those cases in which it is observed the exhaustion of the necessary resources for the execution of a job that doesn't demand the employment of neuromuscular apparatus. ⋯ The European Community has often emphasized the pathogenic value of stress and fatigue with their high social and individual costs. For this purpose, it is opportune to consider the norm UNI EN ISO 10075, which points out the necessity to consider the human component, in term of mental load which implies not only the cognitive component but also the whole psychical sphere of the subject. Training intended like a sort of learning of specific modalities, supplies workers with the necessary instruments for a correct and more aware management of the peculiarities of working activity, contributing to the reduction of fatigue and stress deriving from the job.
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Surgical site infection (SSI) frequency is influenced by several risk factors, among which perioperative hair removal. Traditionally it is part of the procedures carried out on skin before surgery. Although preoperative shaving is widely used in many hospitals, its use should be re-evaluated. ⋯ We found first of all that preoperative shaving (razor) is associated with a significantly higher surgical site infection (SSI) risk. Second, when hair removal is considered necessary by the surgeon, it should be carried out by means of a clipper or depilatory cream. Furthermore hair removal should be performed immediately before surgery and not in advance, to avoid an increased risk of SSI.