Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiĭskai͡a akademii͡a nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo
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Almost all the functions of a living organism have circadian oscillations. Disturbance of circadian rhythms can be either a reason or a consequence of a number of diseases. The article describes data on relationship of circadian rhythm and clock genes disturbances with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease development in humans and animals.
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This article presents the review of literature devoted to studying of safety and efficacy of early carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) in older patients in acute stroke. CAS has been shown to be a non-inferior treatment to carotid endarterectomy for the prevention of recurrent strokes with equivalent rates of major complications (stroke, myocardial infarction and death). ⋯ In the past years, few researches (Setacci C., 2008; Battocchio C., 2012; Wach M., 2013, et al.) indicate that this procedure can be relatively safe, including elderly patients, even when performed early after a TIA or stroke. However, additional studies of safety and efficacy of early CAS must be undertaken to define the role of endovascular revascularization of the extracranial carotid arteries in the early management of acute stroke.
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Motor dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease are believed to be primarily due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Numerous cell replacement therapy approaches have been developed and tested, including these based on donor cell transplantation (embryonic and adult tissue-derived), adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-, neural stem cells (hNSCs)- and finally human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-based. Despite the progress achieved, numerous difficulties prevent wider practical application of stem cell-based therapy approaches for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. ⋯ Neonatal, fetal and embryonic stem cell-based applications; IV. Risks and future trends) aims providing a balanced and updated view on various issues associated with cell types (including stem cells) in regards to their potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Essential features of the individual cell subtypes, principles of available cell handling protocols, transplantation, and safety issues are discussed extensively.