Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2007
[Drinking water supply in the Russian Federation: problems and ways of their solution].
Russia having a fifth of the worldwide drinking water resources is faced with considerable difficulties in solving the problems associated with the safe and rational attitude towards water resources, in improving the technologies of drinking water purification and conditioning, in introducing new universal forms of supplying the population with high-quality portable water. Particular emphasis has been recently placed on the setting-up of an effective legal and normative base for the sanitary protection of water sources and the upgrading of the quality of drinking water. Regional (republican, territorial) drinking water supply programs have been worked out up to the period 2010 in 47 subjects of the Russian Federation, with the participation of sanitary-and-epidemiological surveillance systems and approved in accordance with the established procedures. ⋯ Under the established conditions, even in case of the favorable financial position, this cannot be achieved by only engineering decisions (construction and modernization of water-supply networks, use of new equipment and breakthrough technologies). Water service as a type of water consumption is based on the general principles of natural resource management. Its safety should be combined with the strategic objective of water resources utilization and conservation in the catchment basins in the country as a whole.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2007
[Hygienic assessment of the risk of ambient air pollution to human health in the Ukraine's industrial towns].
The paper presents the results of a hygienic analysis of ambient air pollution in 18 industrial cities of the Ukraine in 1990, 1996, and 2003 and the calculations of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards of ambient air pollutions to human health. According to the calculated complex indices P, the cities were ranked by the magnitude of ambient air pollution (an environmental disaster area; extreme, severe, moderate, weak, and permissible pollution). The non-carcinogenic and (total indices, indices for critical organs and systems) carcinogenic risks were estimated for the populations of the studied cities in relation to the level of atmospheric pollution on their territories. Proposals are given for further development of studies.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2007
[Hygienic assessment of the hazard of ambient air carcinogenic factors].
The paper shows an extremely greater danger of aerogenic doses of carcinogenic substances entering with smoking products than that of an aerogenic load in the industrial centers. The individual and population risks of cancer due to smoking of the Ukraine's common cigarettes and the economic damage caused by the treatment of this number of patients to the country have been calculated. For a full assessment of the carcinogenic risk of tobacco smoke, it is necessary to determine all its carcinogenic constituents, their precursors, and possible transformation groups at high temperatures.