Gigiena i sanitariia
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2008
[Hygienic evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on adolescents' health in a gas-and-oil producing region].
Environmental factors in a gas-and-oil producing region were hygienically evaluated for their influence on the health of adolescents living in the towns of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (KMAD) - Yugry. The air was found to be polluted by incomplete oil and gas combustion products from flares, by emission from emergency conditions at gas-and-oil-producing enterprises. The major ambient air pollutants were formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and suspended solids. ⋯ The population's potential health risk associated with a water factor in all the four towns was due to the presence of manganese and silicon. Hazardous substances available in the ambient air and water, as well as natural and climatic living conditions were ascertained to influence the health of adolescents. The results of the study served as a basis for substantiation of measures to reduce pollution of ambient air and drinking water supply objects in the KMAD-Yugry and a package of measures to improve the health of adolescents.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2008
[Sanitary and microbiological characteristics of surface waters of Vladivostok beaches].
The present-day sanitary state of most sea beaches within the precincts of Vladivostok is mainly determined by the fact that pollutants along with household and industrial sewerage flows are carried away into the beaches without proper treatment. A multitude of the pathogenic and opportunistic flora with fecal sewerage flows enters the coastal zone. In summer holiday months (July and August), beach-front areas of the city are polluted with organic substances, i.e. they are characterized as polysaprobic, which creates conditions for the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. In terms of sanitary and microbiological indices, the surface waters in the city's recreational zones are characterized by persistent fecal pollution that greatly exceeds the sanitary standards, abundant enterobacteria, including epidemiologically potentially dangerous species.
-
Experience in solving specific problems in sociohygienic monitoring shows that among risk factors, health losses are most commonly considered from the man-caused environmental load on the population, by employing statistical modeling methods and reports on monitoring socioeconomic risk factors are evidently insufficient. A cause-effect relation in the habitat-population health system should be revealed, by taking into account the combined multienvironmental influence of man-caused (chemical, physical) and social factors. For solution of the problems put in work, multivariate analysis was used to reveal the common mechanisms of an association of socioeconomic conditions, national composition, morbidity and disability rates, migration processes, and demographic structure with birth and mortality rates in villagers in the context of economic areas and municipal entities.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Determinants of morbidity in the areas situated along the Techa and Iset Rivers].
Due to the massive pollution of the Techa-Iset river system with the radioactive sewage of the Mayak industrial association in the 1950s, the factors responsible for the incidence of diseases were studied in 5 districts of the Kurgan Region along the territory of which rivers flow. There is a direct relationship of children's morbidity to ambient air pollution. ⋯ There is an inverse correlation of morbidity with the provision with therapists and with the economic indices of districts. The prevalence of some types of diseases, such as those of the endocrine and respiratory systems, ulcer disease correlates with the ranking position of a district in the level of pollution in the Techa and Iset Rivers.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Methodology of comprehensive evaluation of the population's health during sociohygienic monitoring].
The authors propose the system for evaluating health indices in the population of our country's region, which comprises groups of specific characteristics: demographic; environmental; environment-induced; overall morbidity (including socially induced); and socioeconomic. It has shown that the methods for analyzing a complex of the population's health indices should be aimed at having estimates of the efficiency of solution of practical problems in the maintenance of the population's health at a respective regional level. For their realization, an information analytical system of appropriate use should be developed; moreover, the results of processing the data with its use should be submitted for further analysis at the federal level.