Annals of palliative medicine
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Palliative sedation is defined as monitored use of medication intended to induce a state of decreased or absent awareness to relieve intractable suffering in a manner that is ethically acceptable to the patient, family, and health-care providers. The prevalence of palliative sedation reported ranges from 10% to 50% during in end of life care setting. There was no major review performed on the prevalence and practice of palliative sedation in Hong Kong. Besides, published guidelines and medication recommendations are developed in Caucasian settings, which may not be taken into account the cultural aspect in Chinese. Therefore, we would like to review our practice in caring terminal cancer patients to report the prevalence and practice of palliative sedation and to review factors associated with successful sedation in this group of patients. ⋯ The use of palliative sedation is safe and effective in managing refractory symptoms and is not associated with worsening of survival. Deranged liver function was associated with better symptom control. The dose of midazolam and haloperidol needed for adequate symptom control were lower than suggested in Western guidelines. Further studies on the dose requirement in Chinese population are warranted. Establishing consensus and guidelines on palliative sedation in Hong Kong should be the way forward to ensure quality care to this group of patients.
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Internal jugular vein (IJV) and axillary vein/subclavian vein (AxV/SCV) are commonly used for implantable venous access port (IVAP) implantation in breast cancer (BC) patients with chemotherapy. Previous studies focused on complications between these different approaches and ignored patient comfort. In this study, we aim to compare patient comfort between IJV and AxV/SCV approaches, as well as surgery duration and complications. ⋯ To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare patient comfort as primary outcome measure between IJV and AxV/SCV puncture. This study will further confirm the benefits of ultrasound guidance and may provide a better choice of IVAP implantation for BC patients.
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased the risk of infection among medical staff. Anesthetists may have direct or indirect contact with COVID-19 patients' saliva droplets, blood, and other secretions in their daily work. If infection-prevention measures are not appropriate, it will not only cause individual medical staff infection, but also cross-infection among patients and other medical staff. ⋯ We also discuss the implementation of anesthesia, including anesthesia types, induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, postoperative recovery and patient transport. Finally, we consider the proper disposal procedure for anesthetic equipment and medical devices. COVID-19 infection can be effectively reduced by infection-prevention measures during the perioperative period.
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Supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCBPB) is a traditional anesthesia technique widely used in upper limb surgery. Ultrasound-guided SCBPB shows the peripheral structure and dynamic local anesthetic diffusion and can greatly shorten the anesthesia operation time, increase the success rate of anesthesia, and reduce the incidence of complications. However, it can still block the phrenic nerve and paralyze the diaphragm, which can be difficult to avoid. This study investigated two different volumes of the same concentration of ropivacaine used in ultrasound-guided SCBPB, and compared the effects on the incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and lung function in patients. ⋯ Both 20 and 30 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine can achieve the ideal brachial plexus block with ultrasound-guided SCBPB, but compared with 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine, 30 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine is more likely to cause diaphragmatic paralysis.
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Meta Analysis
The effect of exercise on maternal complications and birth outcomes in overweight or obese pregnant women: a meta-analysis.
Overweight and obesity can increase the risk for certain adverse obstetric outcomes. Exercise may reduce these risks by promoting weight loss or preventing excessive weight gain. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of exercise therapy on pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in overweight or obese pregnant women through a meta-analysis. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that exercise can reduce the risk of GWG and the occurrence rate of GH in overweight or obese pregnant women, however, exercise had no effect on birth outcomes.