Indian journal of pediatrics
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Penicillin and gentamicin therapy vs amoxicillin/clavulanate in severe hypoxemic pneumonia.
To compare the efficacy of sequential injectable crystalline penicillin (C.pen) and gentamicin combination followed by oral amoxicillin with sequential IV and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (amox-clav) in treatment of severe or very severe hypoxemic pneumonia. ⋯ In children of 2-59 months, sequential injectable C. pen and gentamicin combination, followed by oral amoxicillin or sequential IV and oral amox-clav were equally effective for the treatment of severe or very severe hypoxemic community acquired pneumonia.
-
To evaluate the efficacy of butorphanol with or without bupivacaine for caudal epidural anesthesia in children undergoing infraumbilical surgery. ⋯ The addition of 25 microg/kg butorphanol to bupivacaine resulted in superior analgesia with a longer period compared with caudal bupivacaine and butorphanol alone, without an increase of side effects.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral midazolam and oral butorphanol premedication.
To evaluate the efficacy of oral midazolam and oral butorphanol for their sedative analgesic effects in children. ⋯ Oral butorphanol is comparable to oral midazolam in children but analgesia along with sedation is an additional advantage which makes it better than midazolam without a significant increase in side effects.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Lower arrythmogenic risk of low dose albuterol plus ipratropium.
Wheezy infants are in need of urgent bronchodilatation owing to their intermittent bronchoconstriction. beta 2 agonists are frequently used in emergencies and have previously shown to increase the QT dispersion (QTd), which may be associate with high risk of cardiac arrhythmia, in asthmatics. However, effect of low dose beta 2 agonist therapy in combination with the anticholinergic agents on QTd in wheezy infants is not known. This study aimed to assess the effect of standard dose of nebulized albuterol (NAB) and low doses of NAB combined with ipratropium-bromide (NIB) on QTd in wheezy infants. ⋯ Our results suggest that, while clinical improvement is same, the increase of the QT dispersion is more prominent with the use of standard dose of NAB compared to low dose NAB plus NIB therapy. So, low dose of beta 2 agonist in combination with anticholinergic agents may much safer than the use of standard dose of beta 2 agonists alone in regard to preventing the possibility of arrythmogenic effects in wheezy infants with acute exacerbation.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Six-monthly de-worming in infants to study effects on growth.
The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of six monthly albendazole (ABZ) for improving the weight and height of preschool children when initiated at 0.5-1 year of age in populations with a high transmission rate of intestinal roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides. It was a cluster randomized trial in the urban slums of Lucknow, North India. ⋯ It was concluded that there was an improvement in weight with six monthly ABZ over 1.5 years. However, a much larger trial would be needed to determine whether there is any net effect of improvement in weight on under five mortality rate.