Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984)
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Malnutrition increases post surgical morbimortality, hospital stance and economical costs. Possibilities of nutritional intervention in surgical patients are important. Early enteral nutrition is better than total parenteral nutrition in patients under surgery. ⋯ Inmunonutrition has been demonstrated useful in surgical patients. Evidence demonstrates that inmunotritional formulas decrease incidence of infections, hospital stance and time of ventilation in patients in UCI wards. New research areas have been explored in this topic area, carbohydrate utility in presurgical patients and probiotic in enteral formulas.
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Review Case Reports
[Pyomyositis, sacroiliitis and spondylodiscitis caused by Staphylococcus hominis in a immunocompetent woman].
In absence of risk factors, osteoarticular infections by coagulase-negative staphylococci are very infrequent. We described the case of a immunocompetent 73-year-old-woman that suffered pyomyositis, left sacroiliitis and spondylodiscitis involving the first and second thoracic vertebrae by Staphylococcus hominis. This multifocal infection occurred five-weeks after intramuscular administration of NSAI for treatment of low back pain associated with a herniated disc L4-L5. This is the first know case of a multifocal muscle skeletal infection by Staphylococcus hominis in a patient immunocompetent.
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Pleural effusion (PE) can change the equilibrium between volume of thoracic cavity and volume of intrathoracic structures, and it can disturb the function of respiratory system, heart, and diaphragm. PE alters scanty the pulmonary gas exchange, but it provokes restrictive changes in pulmonary function proportionally to fluid volume, increase thoracic diameters, and decrease lung compliance. PE can originate a syndrome similar to cardiac tamponade. ⋯ Large PE can invert the diaphragm inducing paradoxical movement that origin a reduction of alveolar ventilation. All these alterations improve with drainage of the PE. We think that PE must always be drained, specially if respiratory failure is present.
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Review Case Reports
[Septic arthritis as an initial manifestation of bacterial endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].
We describe a case of Staphylococcus aureus mitral valve endocarditis, in a 80-year-old man who presented with abrupt onset of septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint, without cardiac symptomatology. Fever and articular infection recovery after articular drainage and antimicrobial therapy, but worsening caused by heart failure made valve replacement surgery urgent. ⋯ Until August 2005, in medical literature (Index Medicus, Medline, Embase, Excerpta Medica), we have found 26 cases of bacterial endocarditis with articular infection, as initial manifestation, but none with septic arthritis and only one in the glenohumeral joint. This report highlights that unexplained arthritis should alert us to the possibility of bacterial endocarditis because of its influence on the clinical management and prognostic implications.
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The infective endocarditis is defined mainly as the infection of the internal surface of the heart, affecting to the cardiac valves although it can also do it to the septos, the tendinosas cords or endocardio mural. Around the origin, the diagnosis and the treatment of the disease, a considerable controversy has taken place. In this sense, basic criteria exist that they define to the infective endocarditis; however, particular situations are appraised in which the meticulous study is essential from the patient, doing special reference to the origin agents and, more in particular, to the fungal endocarditis.