Journal of UOEH
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Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic skeletal disease, is characterized by decreased bone mass and deteriorated bone quality, leading to increased fracture risk. With the aging of the population, osteoporotic fracture is an important public health issue. Organisms are constantly exposed to various stressful stimuli that affect physiological processes. ⋯ Therefore, active mastication may represent a useful approach in preventing and/or treating chronic stress-associated osteoporosis. We also discuss several potential mechanisms involved in the interaction between chronic stress, mastication and osteoporosis. Chronic stress activates the HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system, suppresses the secretion of gonadal hormone and growth hormone, and increases inflammatory cytokines, eventually leading to bone loss by inhibiting bone formation and stimulating bone resorption.
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The Department of Nursing of the university revised its curriculum for students admitted in 2012 or later, including the introduction of integrated subjects. With the aim of improving the practical clinical skills of students and integrating knowledge, skills, and techniques, the following integrated subjects: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) I held in the first term of the third-year (15 hours as one credit), and OSCE II held in the second term of the fourth year (30 hours as one credit), were adopted, and simulation-based education was introduced. ⋯ Many positive responses, such as usefulness in future nursing training, were obtained upon the introduction of the simulation education system. Issues to be addressed in the future, including lack of sufficient time to practice and availability of rooms, were also noticed.