Primary care
-
Vocal cord disorders present with a variety of symptoms including dysphonia, respiratory symptoms, and stridor. When evaluating symptoms, a complete history and through head, neck, and neurologic examinations are necessary. ⋯ Most masses of the vocal folds are benign and resolve with voice hygiene and speech therapy. Surgery is reserved for persistent symptomatic nodules and cancerous lesions.
-
About 85% of US adults with hearing loss have unmet hearing needs, creating significant individual and population effects on chronic conditions, socioeconomics, and quality of life. This article reviews the diagnosis and management of hearing loss, overcoming systemic barriers, resources in limited primary care settings, and a multidisciplinary approach.
-
Temporomandibular junction disorders (TMD) are a common problem for patients presenting to the primary care office. Symptoms may be acute or chronic. ⋯ Physical examination findings vary and may include palpable tenderness or spasm of the pterygoid muscles, palpable or audible clicking at the joint, wear and tear of tooth enamel, or dental malocclusion. Most TMDs respond well to conservative therapy, but some patients may benefit from more invasive treatments.
-
While pharyngitis is a common primary care complaint, evidence reveals that this diagnosis is an area where antibiotic therapy is frequently misused. Appropriate diagnosis and management of pharyngitis is crucial to ensure antimicrobial stewardship and improve patient safety and outcomes. Pharyngitis etiologies include both infectious and noninfectious sources such as bacteria, viruses, fungal organisms, trauma, irritants, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and medications. Clinicians need to obtain a thorough history and careful physical examination, along with appropriate diagnostic testing when indicated, to ensure treatment plans are targeted toward the most likely pharyngitis etiology.