Primary care
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This article explores metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents, shedding light on its significant influence on long-term cardiovascular health outcomes. We navigate the complex landscape of MetS, where there is no universally accepted definition, and explore its roots in factors like obesity and insulin resistance. ⋯ The article also discussed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the metabolic well-being of adolescents. Also, we discuss the importance of addressing associated comorbidities and risk factors in the context of MetS.
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The purpose of the preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) is to promote safe participation in sport and to restrict participation only when necessary for the safety of the athlete. Based on expert opinion, this tool is considered standard of care. Six stakeholder professional societies collaboratively published the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation Monograph to guide a more useful experience for both examiners and athletes. The PPE uses systems-based history-taking and physical examinations to determine medical eligibility for participation in sport.
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Review
The Role of Ethnicity and Culture in Adolescent Health in Latine, Hispanic, and Spanish Populations.
Caring for Latina/o/e/x, Hispanic, and/or Spanish (LHS) adolescents' health involves challenges and strengths unique to this fast-growing ethnic minority. Through the exploration of self and ethnic identity, LHS adolescents may find themselves represented in core values to protect against the negative effects of discrimination and internalizing symptoms. In order to provide equitable health care to LHS adolescents, health care systems, educational organizations, and government agencies must educate themselves on cultural humility and the role that social determinants of health have on perpetuating poor health care outcomes for this population.
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This article provides a comprehensive overview of calcium physiology, clinical presentation with physical examination findings, laboratory assessment, differential diagnosis, and management of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia for the primary care provider.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), also known as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), are rare tumors derived from cells with characteristics of both nerve and endocrine cells. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of NENs vary significantly depending on the type, location, whether the neoplasm is hormonally functional, how aggressive it is, and whether it has metastasized to other parts of the body. This article provides an overview of specific types of NETs, clinical presentations and related syndromes, diagnosis, and approach to management of common NENs.