Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia
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Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl · Sep 2019
ReviewChanging epidemiology of acute kidney injury in pregnancy: A journey of four decades from a developing country.
The incidence of acute kidney injury in pregnancy (P-AKI) has markedly decreased over the last three decades in India, particularly due to decreased incidence of postabortion AKI. However, P-AKI still accounts for 3%-5% of cases of total AKI. Postabortion sepsis has decreased to between 0.9% and 1.5% in 2014 from 9.4% in 1980-1990 in the new millennium. ⋯ Despite decreasing incidence of P-AKI, fetal mortality remained high and unchanged. However, maternal mortality has decreased to 5% from initial high mortality of 20%-25%. The incidence and severity of renal cortical necrosis have significantly decreased at our center.
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Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl · Jul 2017
ReviewAssessment of frailty in elderly pre-dialysis population using simple tools.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide principally among the elderly population many of whom will eventually need renal replacement therapy. The relationship between frailty and CKD in the elderly population has been recognized. However, studies concentrating on frailty in pre-dialysis patients are limited. ⋯ Modalities that may improve frailty in elderly pre-dialysis patients such as treatment of anemia and bone mineral disease may improve outcome. However, this has not been established and further research is needed. The aim of this review is to address the importance of recognizing frailty in elderly pre-dialysis patients using simple tools and describing its implications on clinical outcome.
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Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl · Sep 2014
Review Case ReportsThirty years survivor on hemodialysis: a case report.
Hemodialysis is a widely performed and safe procedure; therefore, the numbers of long-term survivors on hemodialysis therapy have been increasing. We present a woman who had been on uninterrupted hemodialysis for 30 years and did well for much of her time on hemodialysis, despite a long-standing uneven course. The literature of extremely long-lived patients on un-interrupted hemodialysis is reviewed and the clinical characteristics and complications encountered in these patients are discussed.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition in both the inpatient and outpatient settings, and its diagnosis depends on serum creatinine measurements. Unfortunately, creatinine is a delayed and unreliable indicator of AKI. The lack of early biomarkers has limited our ability to translate promising experimental therapies to human AKI. ⋯ For example, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is emerging as an excellent stand alone troponin-like biomarker in the plasma and urine for predicting and monitoring clinical trials and in the prognosis of AKI. In recent years, a number of new biomarkers of AKI with more favorable test characteristics than creatinine have been identified and studied in a variety of experimental and clinical settings. This review will consider the most well-established biomarkers of AKI.
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A paraneoplastic syndrome is defined as a group of symptoms that develop when substances released by some cancer cells disrupt the normal function of the surrounding cells and tissue. Paraneoplastic renal syndromes are diseases that indirectly compromise tubular and glomerular function by electrolyte imbalance, hormone-producing tumors or deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomeruli. ⋯ Renal function can be affected by many paraneoplactic syndromes: hypercalcemia in malignancies, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, tumor lysis syndrome, renin-producing tumors and paraneoplastic glomerulopathies. An early diagnosis and effective treatment might improve quality of life and alter prognosis of these patients.