Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia
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Comparative Study
[Evaluation of long-term data on air pollution in regions of petrochemical and oil processing plants].
Long-term observations of air quality in regions with developed petrochemical and oil-processing industry proved that the ambient air is significantly polluted and becomes a severe health hazard. Levels of the air pollution 3 km apart from the enterprises are high, those 10-20 km apart-moderate, those 30 and more km-mild. Materials of air pollution observations over 35 years demonstrate health changes in large population groups.
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Wide use of chemicals in agriculture is associated with higher morbidity among inhabitants of agricultural regions. Extreme increase of the morbidity is confined to the area subjected to releases of oil-processing and petrochemical enterprises and therefore results from combined exposure to agricultural chemicals and waste of oil-processing.
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Thorough work of specialists in occupational hygiene and environment protection enables State Sanitary and Epidemiologic Supervision Departments to better work conditions substantially and to lower harm to environment and public health. State Sanitary and Epidemiologic Supervision Department in Shchelkovo [correction of Shyolkovo] accomplished cessation of some industrial processes polluting environment, resettlement of inhabitants away from expanded zones of sanitary protection, important measures in industrial ecology.
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A unique Institute of Railway Hygiene was created 70 years ago in Russia, one of the major railway countries in the world. Since then the Institute's staffers have carried out huge work on improvement of railway workers' health, prevention of their exposure to noise, unfavorable microclimate, vibration and other occupational hazards. Significant contribution into the world occupational hygiene was made by such Institute's professionals as S. ⋯ Nikitin, A. M. Volkov and others.