Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia
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Historical Article
[The 70th anniversary of the Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases].
The article reviews research activities of the Institute for 70 years. The main research spheres represent occupational hygiene, industrial toxicology, sanitary and industrial chemistry, occupational diseases. The Institute is reported to have scientific priority and merits in improving the work conditions and treating the workers engaged into nonferrous metallurgy, in production of polymer materials, in radio and electronic industry.
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Comparative Study
[Evaluation of long-term data on air pollution in regions of petrochemical and oil processing plants].
Long-term observations of air quality in regions with developed petrochemical and oil-processing industry proved that the ambient air is significantly polluted and becomes a severe health hazard. Levels of the air pollution 3 km apart from the enterprises are high, those 10-20 km apart-moderate, those 30 and more km-mild. Materials of air pollution observations over 35 years demonstrate health changes in large population groups.
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The article presents an original approach to evaluation of climate and weather according to their influence of human heat state. Use of the approach is accompanied by climate characteristics of some Transpolar cities, the authors discuss application of those characteristics to solution of hygienic problems.
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The article represents main occupational hazards and work conditions of such railway occupation as electromechanic and electromounter of shunting yards of railway stations. Complete hygienic evaluation of the occupational activities is given for individuals working at Moskovskaya, Oktjabrskaya and Sevemaya railroads. Health state of the workers was studied according to transitory disablement materials, the morbidity and its structure were analyzed. The authors outline some suggestions to improve the work conditions and decrease the morbidity.
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Wide use of chemicals in agriculture is associated with higher morbidity among inhabitants of agricultural regions. Extreme increase of the morbidity is confined to the area subjected to releases of oil-processing and petrochemical enterprises and therefore results from combined exposure to agricultural chemicals and waste of oil-processing.