Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology
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Cancer is a genetically and clinically diverse disease, and the therapeutic strategies should be optimized for individual cases. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics have generated molecular targeting anti-cancer drugs, and their optimized uses are an emergent challenge. Biomarkers are key tools to assess the malignant potential of tumor cells and to establish risk-stratified therapies. ⋯ These observations suggested the utility of proteomics for biomarker development. Other than the application of advanced technologies, the key points in biomarker studies are the use of an adequate number of clinical materials with problem-oriented experimental designs. Collaborations between basic researchers and clinicians are critical for the effective approach towards realistic biomarkers by proteomics.