Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Oct 2015
Review[Emergency ultrasound in patients with abdominal pain - where should we "look"].
Diagnostic ultrasound is without doubt the imaging technique of choice in patients with acute abdominal pain. Point-of-care ultrasound examinations can help to reduce the number of possible differential diagnoses by exclusion or - as a best case scenario - show us directly the correct diagnosis. ⋯ After focusing on basic technical settings, typical pathological sonomorphologic changes in patients with some of the most important illnesses are characterized (e. g. acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute diverticulitis, acute pancreatitis and urinary tract occlusion). Ultrasound beginners are the target group of this survey.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Oct 2015
Review[Exploiting placebo and nocebo effects in patients with chronic pain].
In recent years, the knowledge behind placebo analgesia has strongly increased. The underlying mechanisms are depictable in a comprehensive way. ⋯ Expectations of the patient are pivotal and can be influenced specifically by learning processes and instructions, both in the positive direction (placebo response), as well as in the negative direction (nocebo response). In conversations, these principles can be considered to optimize the expectation with respect to treatment outcome and to reduce negative cognitions.